我搜索了论坛，但没有找到特定于我当前问题的答案。我正在学习一个C ++课程，其教授主要在运行Visual Studio的Windows机器上编译我们的作业。我的主要编码平台是MacBook Pro上的Xcode。
我的代码在Xcode中运行得很好。对于我的作业，我通常会将该代码复制并粘贴到.txt文件中并将其打开。然后，他将该代码复制并复制到Visual Studio中并进行编译。即使在最简单的代码上，他总是返回一些我在Xcode中没有得到的错误或奇怪的行为。
为了测试，我还在另外两个编译器（QT和在线编译器C ++ shell）中运行我的代码。它总是运行良好。
任何人都可以帮我弄清问题是什么吗？我可以提供一个在Xcode中运行的代码示例，但如果需要，可以在Visual Studio中失败。请告诉我。
//TIC TAC TOE lets 2 human players compete to win at the classic game.
//libraries being used
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <math.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
//setting namespace to be used
using namespace std;
//function prototype declarations
void splashScreen();
void askForUserNames(string& user1, string& user2);
void validateUserName(string& user);
void displayGrid(string& user1, string& user2);
void validatePlayersMove(string& playersMove, string& currentUser);
void playerMakeMove(string& currentUser, string& userMove);
void checkPositionAvailability (string grid1[], string grid2[],string grid3[], string& userMove, string& currentUser, int userTurn);
void validateInput(string& playAgain);
void checkWin(bool& itsATie, bool& whoWon, string grid1[], string grid2[], string grid3[]);
//main function that calls all of the other functions.
int main()
{
string name1 = "";
string name2 = "";
string playAgain = "y";
splashScreen();
cout << "\n";
askForUserNames(name1, name2);
cout << "\n\n";
while (playAgain == "y" || playAgain == "Y")
{
displayGrid(name1,name2);
cout << "Would you like to play again? Type 'y/n'" << endl;
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,playAgain);
validateInput(playAgain);
}
return 0;
}
//prints the welcoming message for user and first instructions to enter user name
void splashScreen()
{
cout << "**************************************" << endl;
cout << "***** TIC TAC TOE ******" << endl;
cout << "***** By xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx ******" << endl;
cout << "**************************************" << endl;
cout << "** ENTER PLAYER NAMES **" << endl;
cout << "** and press <ENTER>. **" << endl;
cout << "**************************************" << endl;
cout << "**************************************" << endl;
}
void askForUserNames(string& user1, string& user2)
{
cout << "Player1 >>";
getline(cin, user1);
validateUserName(user1);
cout << "Thank you, " << user1 << endl;
cout << "Player2 >>";
getline(cin,user2);
validateUserName(user2);
cout << "Thank you, " << user2 << endl;
}
//validates user name input. accepts only letters.
void validateUserName(string& user)
{
int counter = 0;
int stringLength;
stringLength = user.length();
while (counter < stringLength || stringLength == 0)
{
if (!isalpha(user[counter]))
{
cout << "No special characters. No spaces. Only letters. Please try again.\n";
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,user);
stringLength = user.length();
counter = 0;
}
else
{
counter++;
}
}
}
//validates whether the playAgain option in main function contains appropriate letters (Y/y, N/n)
void validateInput(string& playAgain)
{
int counter = 0;
int stringLength;
stringLength = playAgain.length();
while (counter < stringLength || stringLength == 0)
{
if (!isalpha(playAgain[counter]))
{
cout << "No special characters. No spaces. Please try again.\n";
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,playAgain);
stringLength = playAgain.length();
counter = 0;
}
else
{
counter++;
}
if (playAgain != "Y" && playAgain != "y" && playAgain != "N" && playAgain != "n")
{
cout << "Choose Y/y or N/n. Please try again.\n";
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,playAgain);
stringLength = playAgain.length();
counter = 0;
}
}
}
//displays game grid and allows users to make moves
void displayGrid(string& user1, string& user2)
{
const int ARRAY_SIZE = 3;
string topRow[ARRAY_SIZE] = {"0","1","2"};
string middleRow[ARRAY_SIZE] = {"3","4","5"};
string bottomRow[ARRAY_SIZE] = {"6","7","8"};
int userTurn = 1;
string continu = "y";
string userMove="";
bool whoWon = false;
bool itsATie;
while (continu == "y" || continu == "Y")
{
cout << "TIC-TAC-TOE" << endl;
cout << " |-----|" << endl;
cout << " |";
for (int count = 0; count < ARRAY_SIZE; count++)
{
cout << topRow[count] << "|";
}
cout << endl;
cout << " |";
for (int count = 0; count < ARRAY_SIZE; count++)
{
cout << middleRow[count] << "|";
}
cout << endl;
cout << " |";
for (int count = 0; count < ARRAY_SIZE; count++)
{
cout << bottomRow[count] << "|";
}
cout << endl;
cout << " |-----|" << endl;
bool whoWon;
//changes user turn & determines win or tie
if(userTurn == 1)
{
checkWin(itsATie, whoWon,topRow, middleRow, bottomRow);
if(whoWon == true)
{
cout << user2 << " won this round!" << endl;
continu = "n";
}
else if (whoWon == false && itsATie == true)
{
cout << "It's a tie!" << endl;
continu = "n";
}
else
{
cout << "\nIt is " << user1 << "'s turn; You are 'X'\nGive me your best move! Enter a free number." << endl;
playerMakeMove(user1,userMove);
checkPositionAvailability(topRow,middleRow,bottomRow,userMove, user1, userTurn);
}
userTurn = 2;
}
else
{
if(userTurn == 2)
{
checkWin(itsATie, whoWon,topRow, middleRow, bottomRow);
if(whoWon == true)
{
cout << user1 << " won this round!" << endl;
continu = "n";
}
else if (whoWon == false && itsATie == true)
{
cout << "It's a tie!" << endl;
continu = "n";
}
else
{
cout << "\nIt is " << user2 << "'s turn; You are 'Y'\nGive me your best move! Enter a free number." << endl;
playerMakeMove(user2,userMove);
checkPositionAvailability(topRow,middleRow,bottomRow,userMove, user2, userTurn);
}
userTurn = 1;
}
}
}
}
//accepts player input for moves
void playerMakeMove(string& currentUser, string& userMove)
{
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,userMove);
validatePlayersMove(userMove,currentUser);
}
//validates player's input for moves
void validatePlayersMove(string& userMove, string& currentUser)
{
int counter = 0;
int stringLength;
string functionPass = "n";
stringLength = userMove.length();
while (functionPass == "n")
{
while (counter < stringLength || stringLength == 0)
{
if (!isdigit(userMove[counter]))
{
cout << "Choose from selections listed. No spaces. It is still " << currentUser << "'s turn.\n";
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,userMove);
stringLength = userMove.length();
counter = 0;
}
else
{
counter++;
}
}
int integerMove = stoi(userMove);
if (integerMove < 0 || integerMove >8)
{
cout << "Choose from the selections listed ONLY" << endl;
cout << ">>";
getline(cin,userMove);
stringLength = userMove.length();
counter = 0;
}
else
{
functionPass = "y";
}
}
}
//checks the availability of positions
void checkPositionAvailability (string grid1[], string grid2[], string grid3[], string& userMove, string& currentUser, int userTurn)
{
const int SIZE = 3;
string numberAvailable = "n";
int count=0;
while (count < SIZE)
{
for (count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
{
if (grid1[count] == userMove || grid2[count] == userMove || grid3[count] == userMove)
{
numberAvailable = "y";
count = SIZE;
}
else
{
numberAvailable = "n";
}
}
if (numberAvailable == "y")
{
for (int count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
{
if (grid1[count] == userMove)
{
if(userTurn == 1)
{
grid1[count] = "X";
}
else
{
grid1[count] = "Y";
}
}
}
for (int count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
{
if (grid2[count] == userMove)
{
if(userTurn == 1)
{
grid2[count] = "X";
}
else
{
grid2[count] = "Y";
}
}
}
for (int count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
{
if (grid3[count] == userMove)
{
if(userTurn == 1)
{
grid3[count] = "X";
}
else
{
grid3[count] = "Y";
}
}
}
}
else
{
if(numberAvailable == "n")
{
cout << "That number is no longer available. Please choose a different number. It is still " << currentUser << "'s turn." << endl;
playerMakeMove(currentUser, userMove);
count = 0;
}
}
}
}
//checks whether the game has been won or, if all spaces are unavailable, whether there has been a tie
void checkWin(bool& itsATie, bool& whoWon,string grid1[], string grid2[], string grid3[])
{
int counterHorizontal = 0;
int counterVertical = 0;
int counterDiagonal = 0;
whoWon = false;
itsATie = false;
if (grid1[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid1[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid1[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterHorizontal = 0;
if (grid1[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid1[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid1[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterHorizontal = 0;
if (grid2[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid2[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid2[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterHorizontal = 0;
if (grid2[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid2[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid2[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterHorizontal = 0;
if (grid3[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid3[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid3[counterHorizontal] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterHorizontal = 0;
if (grid3[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid3[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
counterHorizontal++;
if(grid3[counterHorizontal] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
if(grid1[counterVertical] == "X")
{
if(grid2[counterVertical] == "X")
{
if(grid3[counterVertical] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterVertical++;
if(grid1[counterVertical] == "X")
{
if(grid2[counterVertical] == "X")
{
if(grid3[counterVertical] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterVertical++;
if(grid1[counterVertical] == "X")
{
if(grid2[counterVertical] == "X")
{
if(grid3[counterVertical] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterVertical++;
counterVertical = 0;
if(grid1[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
if(grid2[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
if(grid3[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterVertical++;
if(grid1[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
if(grid2[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
if(grid3[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterVertical++;
if(grid1[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
if(grid2[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
if(grid3[counterVertical] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
if(grid1[counterDiagonal] == "X")
{
counterDiagonal++;
if(grid2[counterDiagonal] == "X")
{
counterDiagonal++;
if(grid3[counterDiagonal] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterDiagonal = 0;
if(grid1[counterDiagonal] == "Y")
{
counterDiagonal++;
if(grid2[counterDiagonal] == "Y")
{
counterDiagonal++;
if(grid3[counterDiagonal] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterDiagonal = 2;
if(grid1[counterDiagonal] == "X")
{
counterDiagonal--;
if(grid2[counterDiagonal] == "X")
{
counterDiagonal--;
if(grid3[counterDiagonal] == "X")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
counterDiagonal = 2;
if(grid1[counterDiagonal] == "Y")
{
counterDiagonal--;
if(grid2[counterDiagonal] == "Y")
{
counterDiagonal--;
if(grid3[counterDiagonal] == "Y")
{
whoWon = true;
}
}
}
for (int tieCount = 0; tieCount < 3; tieCount++)
{
if (grid1[tieCount] == "X" || grid1[tieCount] == "Y")
{
itsATie = true;
}
else
{
itsATie = false;
tieCount = 3;
}
if (grid2[tieCount] == "X" || grid2[tieCount] == "Y")
{
itsATie = true;
}
else
{
itsATie = false;
tieCount = 3;
}
if (grid3[tieCount] == "X" || grid3[tieCount] == "Y")
{
itsATie = true;
}
else
{
itsATie = false;
tieCount = 3;
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您的教师可能正在调试模式下运行代码，并且Visual Studio正在执行更多边界检查（或者由于分配的值初始化为0xcccccccc而不是未初始化而失败更快）。
例如，此代码在checkWin：
中 else
{
itsATie = false;
tieCount = 3;
}
if (grid2[tieCount] == "X" || grid2[tieCount] == "Y")
将tieCount设置为3然后立即将其用作长度为3的数组的索引，从而导致数组溢出。这是未定义的行为，任何事情都可能发生。可能由于Xcode中的内存布局，您已经（非）幸运且grid2[3]恰好与grid3[0]位于同一位置。
我想你可以尝试运行valgrind，这可能有助于解决这些错误。