我有一个堆积的条形图,如下所示:
虽然颜色看起来不错,但是有很多相似的颜色代表不同的药物会令人困惑。我想为图中的每个条形图分别设置一个调色板,例如,class1可以使用调色板“Blues”,而class2可以使用调色板“BuGn”(调色板名称找到here)
我找到了一些人们为每个栏手动编码颜色的例子(例如here),但我不确定我问的是否可能 - 这些栏需要基于调色板,因为每个药物类别都有这么多的药物。
创建上图的代码:
library(ggplot2)
library(plyr)
library(RColorBrewer)
drug_name <- c("a", "a", "b", "b", "b", "c", "d", "e", "e", "e", "e", "e", "e",
"f", "f", "g", "g", "g", "g", "h", "i", "j", "j", "j", "k", "k",
"k", "k", "k", "k", "l", "l", "m", "m", "m", "n", "o")
df <- data.frame(drug_name)
#get the frequency of each drug name
df_count <- count(df, 'drug_name')
#add a column that specifies the drug class
df_count$drug_class <- vector(mode='character', length=nrow(df_count))
df_count$drug_class[df_count$drug_name %in% c("a", "c", "e", "f")] <- 'class1'
df_count$drug_class[df_count$drug_name %in% c("b", "o")] <- 'class2'
df_count$drug_class[df_count$drug_name %in% c("d", "h", "i")] <- 'class3'
df_count$drug_class[df_count$drug_name %in% c("g", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n")] <- 'class4'
#expand color palette (from http://novyden.blogspot.com/2013/09/how-to-expand-color-palette-with-ggplot.html)
colorCount = length(unique(df_count$drug_name))
getPalette = colorRampPalette(brewer.pal(9, "Set1"))
test_plot <- ggplot(data = df_count, aes(x=drug_class, y=freq, fill=drug_name) ) + geom_bar(stat="identity") + scale_fill_manual(values=getPalette(colorCount))
test_plot
答案 0 :(得分:6)
如此多的颜色,你的情节将会令人困惑。用药物名称和计数标记每个条形部分可能更好。下面的代码显示了为每个条形图制作单独调色板的一种方法,以及如何标记条形图。
首先,添加一个我们将用于定位条形标签的列:
$query = $this->db->query("select * from mytbl");
if ($query->num_rows() > 0)
{
foreach ($query->result() as $row)
{
echo $row->title;
echo $row->name;
echo $row->body;
}
}
其次,创建调色板。下面的代码使用了四种不同的Colorbrewer调色板,但您可以使用调色板创建功能或方法的任意组合来精确控制颜色。
library(dplyr) # for the chaining (%>%) operator
## Add a column for positioning drug labels on graph
df_count = df_count %>% group_by(drug_class) %>%
mutate(cum.freq = cumsum(freq) - 0.5*freq)
创建调色板有许多策略和功能。这是另一种方法,使用## Create separate palette for each drug class
# Count the number of colors we'll need for each bar
ncol = table(df_count$drug_class)
# Make the palettes
pal = mapply(function(x,y) brewer.pal(x,y), ncol, c("BrBG","OrRd","YlGn","Set2"))
pal[[2]] = pal[[2]][1:2] # We only need 2 colors but brewer.pal creates 3 minimum
pal = unname(unlist(pal)) # Combine palettes into single vector of colors
ggplot(data = df_count, aes(x=drug_class, y=freq, fill=drug_name) ) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", colour="black", lwd=0.2) +
geom_text(aes(label=paste0(drug_name,": ", freq), y=cum.freq), colour="grey20") +
scale_fill_manual(values=pal) +
guides(fill=FALSE)
函数:
hcl
答案 1 :(得分:2)
上面的各种调色板不会一致地转移到不同的类 - 相反,它们根据命名的矢量(a,b,c ...)进行绘制,因此在各个类之间进行分割。有关详细信息,请参阅??scale_fill_manual
。
为了将它们“匹配”到每组条形图,我们需要按类别对data.frame
进行排序,并将颜色调色板与名称对齐。
创建重复调色板以测试正确(预期)排序。
repeating.pal = mapply(function(x,y) brewer.pal(x,y), ncol, c("Set2","Set2","Set2","Set2"))
repeating.pal[[2]] = repeating.pal[[2]][1:2] # We only need 2 colors but brewer.pal creates 3 minimum
repeating.pal = unname(unlist(repeating.pal))
根据类别排序数据(我们希望颜色保留的顺序!)
df_count_sorted <- df_count[order(df_count$drug_class),]
复制药品名称的原始订单。
df_count_sorted$labOrder <- df_count$drug_name
添加测试调色板。
df_count$colours<-repeating.pal
使用fill
= labOrder更改绘图例程。
ggplot(data = df_sorted, aes(x=drug_class, y=freq, fill=labOrder) ) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", colour="black", lwd=0.2) +
geom_text(aes(label=paste0(drug_name,": ", freq), y=cum.freq), colour="grey20") +
scale_fill_manual(values=df_sorted$colours) +
guides(fill=FALSE)