为将来的gem安装设置RVM以获得正确的权限并正确添加PATH

时间：2016-03-06 15:42:08

标签： ruby rubygems rvm sudo chown

我已经在网上搜索了答案。我觉得我没有按照正确的方式做事，只是想以正确的方式建立我的rvm环境。这一切都源于我不得不使用sudo gem install sass安装SASS，我不想这样做。

现在当我gem install sass时，我得到了：

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.

我采取的步骤：

sudo chown -R dhruv: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
brew install gnupg gnupg2
gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.rvm
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff ~/.gem
sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0

请注意which rvm没有返回任何内容，即使上面运行curl命令也给了我：

Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/
    RVM PATH line found in /Users/dhruv/.mkshrc /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bashrc /Users/dhruv/.zshrc.
    RVM sourcing line found in /Users/dhruv/.profile /Users/dhruv/.bash_profile /Users/dhruv/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/dhruv/.rvm/ is complete.

# dhruvghulati,
#
#   Thank you for using RVM!
#   We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.

我想把事情变成一个我可以在没有sudo的情况下轻松安装gems的状态。我该怎么做？

另外，如何防止rvm看到的这些PATH错误？

我担心当我sudo chown -R dhruv:staff /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0时，互联网似乎说这是一个可怕的邪恶，我将不得不回复？我是否可以将chmod还原为原始用户，该用户应该归？

所有

以下是rvm info的输出：

Warning! PATH is not properly set up, '/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin' is not at first place,
         usually this is caused by shell initialization files - check them for 'PATH=...' entries,
         it might also help to re-add RVM to your dotfiles: 'rvm get stable --auto-dotfiles',
         to fix temporarily in this shell session run: 'rvm use ruby-2.2.1'.

ruby-2.2.1:

  system:
    uname:       "Darwin Dhruvs-MacBook-Pro-2.local 14.5.0 Darwin Kernel Version 14.5.0: Tue Sep  1 21:23:09 PDT 2015; root:xnu-2782.50.1~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64"
    system:      "osx/10.10/x86_64"
    bash:        "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin14)"
    zsh:         "/bin/zsh => zsh 5.0.5 (x86_64-apple-darwin14.0)"

  rvm:
    version:      "rvm 1.26.11 (latest) by Wayne E. Seguin <wayneeseguin@gmail.com>, Michal Papis <mpapis@gmail.com> [https://rvm.io/]"
    updated:      "1 day 8 minutes 30 seconds ago"
    path:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm"

  ruby:
    interpreter:  "ruby"
    version:      "2.2.1p85"
    date:         "2015-02-26"
    platform:     "x86_64-darwin14"
    patchlevel:   "2015-02-26 revision 49769"
    full_version: "ruby 2.2.1p85 (2015-02-26 revision 49769) [x86_64-darwin14]"

  homes:
    gem:          "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
    ruby:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"

  binaries:
    ruby:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby"
    irb:          "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/irb"
    gem:          "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/gem"
    rake:         "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/rake"

  environment:
    PATH:         "/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"
    GEM_HOME:     "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1"
    GEM_PATH:     "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global"
    MY_RUBY_HOME: "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1"
    IRBRC:        "/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/.irbrc"
    RUBYOPT:      ""
    gemset:       ""

命令gem install --user-install sass给了我：

WARNING:  You don't have /Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.2.0/bin in your PATH,
      gem executables will not run.
Successfully installed sass-3.4.21
Parsing documentation for sass-3.4.21
Done installing documentation for sass after 4 seconds
1 gem installed

的.bash_profile：

export PATH=$PATH:~/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M  -Duser.timezone=GMT"
export PATH=$PATH:~/scripts
source ~/.profile
source ~/.bashrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/lib
# added by Anaconda3 2.3.0 installer
export PATH="/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:$PATH"
export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local

[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

.bashrc中：

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

.profile中：

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting

[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：2)

首先，停止使用--user-install。您不应该将它与RVM一起使用，因为这是其主要目的之一，将gem和Ruby保留在您的主目录中。

你的道路建设不好：

"/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib:/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin:/Users/dhruv/scripts:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin:/usr/local/lib"

分解为：

/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib
/Users/dhruv/.gem/ruby/2.0.0/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/bin
/usr/local/lib

你需要在路径中首先使用RVM，但是你正在阻碍它。

它应该类似于：

/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1@global/bin
/Users/dhruv/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin
/Users/dhruv/scripts
/Users/dhruv/anaconda/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/sbin
/Library/TeX/texbin

我将〜/ .bash_profile重写为：

source ~/.bashrc

export MONGO_PATH=/usr/local
export SBT_OPTS="-Xmx2G -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:MaxPermSize=2G -Xss2M  -Duser.timezone=GMT"

export PATH=~/scripts:~/anaconda/bin:$PATH

# RVM needs to initialize last so it can adjust the path correctly...
[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

我将〜/ .bashrc重写为：

# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"

我将〜/ .profile重写为：

# export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin" # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
# [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" # Load RVM into a shell session *as a function*

那应该清理你的路径，并且可能会让RVM更好地解决问题。

您可能需要进行次要调整，但要保持简单。

我建议阅读shell如何使用PATH查找内容以及如何定义PATH。另外，阅读有关使用〜/ .bashrc，〜/ .profile和〜/ .bash_profile的信息会很好，特别是在Mac OS上。命令行中的man bash除其他外说：

  

当bash作为交互式登录shell调用，或作为带有--login选项的非交互式shell调用时，它首先从文件/ etc / profile中读取并执行命令，如果       该文件存在。读取该文件后，它按顺序查找〜/ .bash_profile，〜/ .bash_login和〜/ .profile，并从第一个文件中读取并执行命令       存在且可读。启动shell以禁止此行为时，可以使用--noprofile选项。

     

[...]

     

当启动不是登录shell的交互式shell时，bash会读取并执行来自〜/ .bashrc的命令（如果该文件存在）。这可以通过使用来抑制      --norc选项。 --rcfile文件选项将强制bash从文件而不是〜/ .bashrc读取和执行命令。

使用默认安装安装RVM时，它将使用正确的权限创建~/.rvm目录。在此之后，您不必做任何事情让RVM和Ruby在该目录中存储宝石。脚本将能够找到您已安装的宝石而无需对gem install做任何特殊操作。如果它变得奇怪或困难，那就是错误的。

答案 1 :(得分：0)

您可以使用以下命令在本地用户目录中安装：

gem install --user-install <gemname>

别名gem install到gem install --user-install，以避免将来输入。

另外，尝试运行rvm gemdir以查找将安装gem的位置。

如果没有别的，请尝试运行rvm reinstall。

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