基于common元素合并python中的dicts列表

Question

所以我在Python中有一个字典列表如下：

[
 {'medication_name': 'Actemra IV',
  'timeline': '2015-Jun',
  'total_prescriptions': 1
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Actemra IV',
  'timeline': '2015-Jul',
  'total_prescriptions': 0
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Adempas',
  'timeline': '2015-Jun',
  'total_prescriptions': 0
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Adempas',
  'timeline': '2015-Jul',
  'total_prescriptions': 0
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Adempas',
  'timeline': '2015-Aug',
  'total_prescriptions': 0
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Avonex',
  'timeline': '2015-Jun',
  'total_prescriptions': 1
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Avonex',
  'timeline': '2015-Jul',
  'total_prescriptions': 0
 }
]

我想要的是整理每个药物名称的月度值，以便最终结果如下：

[
  {'medication_name': 'Actemra IV',
  'trend':[
           {'timeline': '2015-Jun',
            'total_prescriptions': 1
           },
           {'timeline': '2015-Jul',
            'total_prescriptions': 0
           },
           {'timeline': '2015-Jun',
            'total_prescriptions': 0
           }
         ]
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Adempas',
  'trend':[
           {'timeline': '2015-Jul',
            'total_prescriptions': 0
           },
           {'timeline': '2015-Aug',
            'total_prescriptions': 0
           }
         ]
 },
 {'medication_name': 'Avonex'
  'trend':[
           {'timeline': '2015-Jun',
            'total_prescriptions': 1
           },
           {'timeline': '2015-Jul',
            'total_prescriptions': 0
           }
         ]
  }
]

我将如何做到这一点？

Answer 1

这应该有用（meds是带有dicts的列表）：

tmp = {}
for med in meds:
    name = med.pop('medication_name')
    tmp.setdefault(name, []).append(med)
res = [{'medication_name': k, 'trend': v}  for k, v in tmp.items()]

结果：

>>> res
[{'medication_name': 'Avonex',
  'trend': [{'timeline': '2015-Jun', 'total_prescriptions': 1},
   {'timeline': '2015-Jul', 'total_prescriptions': 0}]},
 {'medication_name': 'Actemra IV',
  'trend': [{'timeline': '2015-Jun', 'total_prescriptions': 1},
   {'timeline': '2015-Jul', 'total_prescriptions': 0}]},
 {'medication_name': 'Adempas',
  'trend': [{'timeline': '2015-Jun', 'total_prescriptions': 0},
   {'timeline': '2015-Jul', 'total_prescriptions': 0},
   {'timeline': '2015-Aug', 'total_prescriptions': 0}]}]

注意

这会修改原始数据。您可以使用copy.deepcopy()来避免这种情况：

import copy

tmp = {}
for med in copy.deepcopy(meds):
    ...