我刚开始获得CS学位，而且我对实际编程很陌生，因此实施起来很困难。我最近有一项任务让我感到难过。我很难过，因为我无法将所有文件链接在一起（2个头文件.hpp和2个实现文件.cpp）。赋值已经过时我只是好奇如何将所有文件链接在一起因为我知道在编译时编译时Board.hpp和Board.cpp文件将编译成一个文件和TicTacToe.hpp和TicTacToe.cpp文件将编译成一个文件然后所有两个编译文件将相互链接以生成可执行文件。
以下是我尝试使用g ++编译时出现的错误：
TicTacToe.hpp:1:9: warning: #pragma once in main file
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../lib64/crt1.o: In function `_start':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
我不知道这意味着什么。
我会发布以下文件供您审核。我感谢您提供的任何帮助。再说一次，我在这方面是全新的，所以如果你能解释一下，我会非常感激。
Board.hpp
#ifndef BOARD_HPP
#define BOARD_HPP
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class TTTBoard
{
private:
char Board[3][3]; //creates array
int play(); // prototype for play function
void makeMove(); //prototype for makeMove function
int turn(int); //prototype for turn function
int check(int, int); //prototypr for check function
void print(char x[][3]); //prototype for print function
int gameState(char x[][3]); //prototype for gameState fuction
int player1, player2, draw, player, winner, done; //creates variables to be used.
int row, col; //creates variables to be used in gamestate function
public:
int TtlGames, TtlP1, TtlP2, TtlDraws; //creates variables that will define gamestate
void intBoard(); //prototype for intboard
};
#endif
下一个很长。
Board.cpp
#include "Board.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
void TTTBoard::intBoard() //function to initialize the board
{ //initialzes the variables in order
done = false; // to be used for later functions
winner = 0;
player = 2;
player1 = 1;
player2 = 2;
draw = 3;
int i, k;
for (k = 0; k<3; k++) //initializes array to 0
{
for (i = 0; i<3; i++)
{
Board[k][i] = 0;
}
}
play(); //begins the game
}
int TTTBoard::check(int row, int col) //checks if spot if occupied
{
if (Board[row][col] == 0)
{
return true;
}
else if (Board[row][col] != 0)
{
std::cout << "That square is already taken.";
return false;
}
else
{
std::cout << "Checking for win.";
gameState(Board);
}
return false;
}
void TTTBoard::makeMove() //records players move
{
player = turn(player);
int answer = false;
while (answer == false)
{
std::cout << "Player" << turn(player) << ": please enter your move\n";
std::cin >> row, col;
answer = check(row, col);
}
if (player == 1)
Board[row][col] = 'X';
else if (player == 2)
Board[row][col] = 'O';
else
std::cout << "Failed.";
}
int TTTBoard::gameState(char x[][3]) //checks for a win or a draw
{
winner = 0;
int count = 0;
int a = row;
int b = col;
for (a = 0; a<3; a++)
{
for (b = 0; b<3; b++)
{
if (Board[a][b] == 0)
{
count++;
}
}
}
if (count > 0)
{
int row, col, xCheck, oCheck;
for (row = 0; row<3; row++)
{
xCheck = 0;
oCheck = 0;
for (col = 0; col<3; col++)
{
if (x[row][col] == 'X')
xCheck++;
if (x[row][col] == 'O')
oCheck++;
if (oCheck == 3)
{
winner = 2;
}
if (xCheck == 3)
{
winner = 1;
}
}
}
for (col = 0; col<3; col++)
{
xCheck = 0;
oCheck = 0;
for (row = 0; row<3; row++)
{
if (x[row][col] == 'X')
xCheck++;
if (x[row][col] == 'O')
oCheck++;
if (oCheck == 3)
{
winner = 2;
}
if (xCheck == 3)
{
winner = 1;
}
}
}
if (x[0][0] == 'X' && x[1][1] == 'X' && x[2][2] == 'X')
{
winner = 1;
}
else if (x[0][0] == 'O' && x[1][1] == 'O' && x[2][2] == 'O')
{
winner = 2;
}
else if (x[2][0] == 'X' && x[1][1] == 'X' && x[0][2] == 'X')
{
winner = 1;
}
else if (x[2][0] == 'O' && x[1][1] == 'O' && x[0][2] == 'O')
{
winner = 2;
}
}
else if (count == 9)
{
std::cout << "Its a draw.";
winner = 3;
}
else
{
std::cout << "It is the next players turn\n\n";
}
if (winner > 0)
{
done = true;
}
return done;
}
void TTTBoard::print(char Board[][3]) //prints current board state
{
std::cout << "\n";
std::cout << " 0 1 2\n";
std::cout << "0 " << Board[0][0] << " " << Board[0][1] << " " << Board[0][2] << " \n";
std::cout << "1 " << Board[1][0] << " " << Board[1][1] << " " << Board[1][2] << " \n";
std::cout << "2 " << Board[2][0] << " " << Board[2][1] << " " << Board[2][2] << " \n";
}
这个也很长。
TicTacToe.hpp
#ifndef TICTACTOE_HPP
#define TICTACTOE_HPP
#include "Board.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
class Board; //creates a board to be forward declared
class TicTacToe //creates tictactoe class
{
private:
int check(int, int);
int turn(int player);
int play(); //prototype for play method
int gameState(char x[][3]);
public:
int TtlGames, TtlP1, TtlP2, TtlDraws;
void intBoard();
Board* playBoard; //forward declarations for use in functions
Board* print;
Board* makeMove;
Board* BoardT;
};
#endif
TicTacToe.cpp
#include "Board.hpp"
#include "TicTacToe.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
void TTTBoard::intBoard() //initializes board
{
done = false;
winner = 0;
player = 2;
player1 = 1;
player2 = 2;
draw = 3;
int i, k;
for (k = 0; k<3; k++)
{
for (i = 0; i<3; i++)
{
Board[k][i] = 0;
}
}
play();
}
int TicTacToe::turn(int player) //informs players of whose turn it is.
{
switch (player)
{
case 1: player = 2;
{
std::cout << "\nPlayers 1 turn.\n\n";
break;
}
case 2: player = 1;
{
std::cout << "\nPlayers 2 turn.\n\n";
break;
}
}
return player;
}
int TTTBoard::gameState(char x[][3]) //checks for win or draw
{
winner = 0;
int count = 0;
int a = row;
int b = col;
for (a = 0; a<3; a++)
{
for (b = 0; b<3; b++)
{
if (Board[a][b] == 0)
{
count++;
}
}
}
if (count > 0)
{
int row, col, xCheck, oCheck;
for (row = 0; row<3; row++)
{
xCheck = 0;
oCheck = 0;
for (col = 0; col<3; col++)
{
if (x[row][col] == 'X')
xCheck++;
if (x[row][col] == 'O')
oCheck++;
if (oCheck == 3)
{
winner = 2;
}
if (xCheck == 3)
{
winner = 1;
}
}
}
for (col = 0; col<3; col++)
{
xCheck = 0;
oCheck = 0;
for (row = 0; row<3; row++)
{
if (x[row][col] == 'X')
xCheck++;
if (x[row][col] == 'O')
oCheck++;
if (oCheck == 3)
{
winner = 2;
}
if (xCheck == 3)
{
winner = 1;
}
}
}
if (x[0][0] == 'X' && x[1][1] == 'X' && x[2][2] == 'X')
{
winner = 1;
}
else if (x[0][0] == 'O' && x[1][1] == 'O' && x[2][2] == 'O')
{
winner = 2;
}
else if (x[2][0] == 'X' && x[1][1] == 'X' && x[0][2] == 'X')
{
winner = 1;
}
else if (x[2][0] == 'O' && x[1][1] == 'O' && x[0][2] == 'O')
{
winner = 2;
}
}
else if (count == 9)
{
std::cout << "Its a draw.";
winner = 3;
}
else
{
std::cout << "It is the next players turn\n\n";
}
if (winner > 0)
{
done = true;
}
return done;
}
int TicTacToe::play() //initializes the game
{
int done = false;
Board* print(Board);
while (!done)
{
int count = 0;
Board* makeMove();
Board* (Board);
count++;
if (count != 9)
{
return !done;
}
else
{
done = true;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main() //main method
{
TicTacToe playGame;
playGame.TtlGames = 0, playGame.TtlP1 = 0,
playGame.TtlP2 = 0, playGame.TtlDraws = 0; //counters for total games, Player 1 Total,
int Winner = 0; //Player 2 Total , and Total draws.
char done = false;
while (!done)
{
// This will display before each game
std::cout << "Let's play a game of TicTacToe\n\n";
// Play a game and remember who won (if anyone)
playGame.intBoard();
}
// Finish
std::cout << "\n\nThank you for playing!\n";
std::cin.get();
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}
我尝试了Code Fuller的建议，但它给了我这个错误。
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../lib64/crt1.o: In function `_start':
(.text+0x20): undefined reference to `main'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
所以我想也许如果我将Main方法放在一个单独的文件中并将它们全部链接起来它可能会起作用。我明白了：
/tmp/ccmSwwUz.o: In function `TTTBoard::intBoard()':
TicTacToe.cpp:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `TTTBoard::intBoard()'
/tmp/ccSwOY9D.o:Board.cpp:(.text+0x0): first defined here
/tmp/ccmSwwUz.o: In function `TTTBoard::gameState(char (*) [3])':
TicTacToe.cpp:(.text+0x104): multiple definition of `TTTBoard::gameState(char (* ) [3])'
/tmp/ccSwOY9D.o:Board.cpp:(.text+0x288): first defined here
/tmp/ccSwOY9D.o: In function `TTTBoard::intBoard()':
Board.cpp:(.text+0xa7): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::play()'
/tmp/ccSwOY9D.o: In function `TTTBoard::makeMove()':
Board.cpp:(.text+0x176): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::turn(int)'
Board.cpp:(.text+0x19b): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::turn(int)'
/tmp/ccmSwwUz.o: In function `TTTBoard::intBoard()':
TicTacToe.cpp:(.text+0xa7): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::play()'
/tmp/ccz4019v.o: In function `main':
Main.cpp:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `TicTacToe::intBoard()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
然后我尝试将Board编译成一个对象，然后将TicTacToe和Main链接起来：
g++ Board.o TicTacToe.cpp Main.cpp -o TTT
并出现以下错误：
/tmp/cc9h5kAs.o: In function `TTTBoard::intBoard()':
TicTacToe.cpp:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `TTTBoard::intBoard()'
Board.o:Board.cpp:(.text+0x0): first defined here
/tmp/cc9h5kAs.o: In function `TTTBoard::gameState(char (*) [3])':
TicTacToe.cpp:(.text+0x104): multiple definition of `TTTBoard::gameState(char (*) [3])'
Board.o:Board.cpp:(.text+0x288): first defined here
Board.o: In function `TTTBoard::intBoard()':
Board.cpp:(.text+0xa7): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::play()'
Board.o: In function `TTTBoard::makeMove()':
Board.cpp:(.text+0x176): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::turn(int)'
Board.cpp:(.text+0x19b): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::turn(int)'
/tmp/cc9h5kAs.o: In function `TTTBoard::intBoard()':
TicTacToe.cpp:(.text+0xa7): undefined reference to `TTTBoard::play()'
/tmp/ccZlZ4Dn.o: In function `main':
Main.cpp:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `TicTacToe::intBoard()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
答案 0 :(得分：-1)
您尝试将Board.cpp编译为可执行文件，但它不包含“主要＆＃39;入口点。您必须首先将Board.cpp编译为目标文件：
gcc Board.cpp -c
然后你可以编译TicTacToe.cpp并将其与Board.o链接：
gcc Board.o TicTacToe.cpp -o TicTacToe