所以我试图在C ++中创建一个在双向链表上执行基本操作的程序。我遇到的主要问题是每次我向列表添加一个新元素时,我为新元素输入的id字段将覆盖所有其他元素的id字段。 id字段是唯一执行此操作的字段,这对我来说非常困惑。我相信我的错误可能在我使用指针的某处,因为这是我在C ++中使用它们来管理列表的第一个程序(Ada中的指针对我来说似乎更简单)。我已经多次通过GDB运行我的程序,但似乎无法确定导致问题的原因。这让我相信这可能是我的逻辑错误。
这是我的主要内容:
#include <iostream>
#include "list.h"
#include <string.h> // <string>
using namespace std;
int main (void)
{
int choice, printorder;
char idbuffer[100];
rec r;
do
{
cout << "Enter your choice: 1 - Add, 2 - Delete, 3 - Print, 0 - quit. " <<endl;
cin >> choice;
switch ( choice )
{
case 1: //AddItem
cout << "\nEnter ID ";
cin >> idbuffer;
r.id = idbuffer;
cout << "\nFirst Name ";
cin >> r.firstname;
cout << "\nLast Name ";
cin >> r.lastname;
if ( AddItem ( r ) )
{
cout << "\nSuccess!\n";
}
else
{
cout << "\nItem failed to be added.\n";
}
break;
case 2: //Delete
cout << "\nEnter id: ";
cin >> idbuffer;
if ( DeleteItem ( idbuffer ) )
{
cout << "\nDelete OK.\n";
}
else
{
cout << "\nDelete Failed for: " << idbuffer << endl;
}
break;
case 3: // Print
cout << "Enter order: 0 - Ascending, 1 - Descending. \n";
cin >> printorder;
PrintList (printorder);
break;
case 0: // quit
break;
default: // bad choice
break;
} // end switch
}
while ( choice != 0 );// end do while
} // end main
这是我的文件list.h:
struct rec
{
char * id;
char firstname[15];
char lastname[15];
rec* prev;
rec* next;
};
int AddItem ( rec r );
int DeleteItem ( char* delid );
void PrintList ( int order );
最后我的文件list.cpp中的AddItem函数:
#include <iostream>
#include "list.h"
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
rec * first = NULL;
rec * last = NULL;
int AddItem( rec r )
//Return: 1 if a success, 0 if failed.
//No duplicate id's, sort by lastname
{
rec * ptr = NULL;
rec * current;
rec * myStruct = new rec;
myStruct -> id = r.id;
strcpy(myStruct -> firstname, r.firstname);
strcpy(myStruct -> lastname, r.lastname);
ptr = first;
//Check for duplicate id's, currently commented out due to id's being overwritten
//while (ptr)
//{
// if (ptr -> id == myStruct -> id)
// {
// return 0;
// }
// ptr = ptr -> next;
//}
//ptr = first;
if (first == NULL) //Empty
{
first = myStruct; //Inserts node into empty list
last = myStruct;
myStruct -> prev = NULL;
myStruct -> next = NULL;
return 1;
}
else if (myStruct -> lastname > last -> lastname) //Add to end of list
{
last -> next = myStruct;
myStruct -> prev = last;
last = myStruct;
return 1;
}
else if (myStruct -> lastname && myStruct -> lastname < first -> lastname) //Add to beginning of list
{
ptr = first;
first = myStruct;
myStruct -> next = ptr;
ptr -> prev = myStruct;
return 1;
}
else
{
current = first;
while (current)
{
if (myStruct -> lastname > current -> lastname && myStruct -> lastname <= current -> next -> lastname)
{
ptr = current -> next;
current -> next = myStruct;
myStruct -> prev = current;
myStruct -> next = ptr;
ptr -> prev = myStruct;
return 1;
}
else
{
current = current -> next;
}
}
return 0;
}
我确信这段代码中还有其他错误和一些草率的编程,但我计划在解决这些覆盖问题之后修复这些错误并使程序更整洁/更高效,因为它也阻止了我测试我程序的其他部分。提前致谢,对于冗长的帖子感到抱歉。
Update1:在意识到我需要更改行
之后myStruct -> id = r.id;
到字符串副本,例如:
strcpy(myStruct -> id, r.id);
我现在收到一个分段错误..我会想象我的指针搞砸了。回去工作我去感谢迄今为止的所有帮助!
Update2:经过更多编辑和更多错误后,我让程序正常运行!我现在正在清理和优化程序。感谢大家的好建议!
答案 0 :(得分:0)
所有id对象都具有相同的值 - idbuffer
的第一个字符的地址。
主要
cin >> idbuffer;
r.id = idbuffer;
^^^^^^^^^
然后进一步在AddItem
int AddItem( rec r )
//Return: 1 if a success, 0 if failed.
//No duplicate id's, sort by lastname
{
rec * ptr = NULL;
rec * current;
rec * myStruct = new rec;
myStruct -> id = r.id;
^^^^^
//...
您应该动态分配id
将指向的内存,并且将复制具有id的实际字符串。或者您应该将数据成员id
声明为字符数组。
例如在main
cin >> idbuffer;
r.id = new char[std::strlen( idbuffer ) + 1];
std::strcpy( r.id, idbuffer );
并在AddItem
rec * myStruct = new rec( r );
更好的方法是使用std::string
类型的对象。