我正在尝试获取OS X上当前运行脚本的绝对路径。
我看到很多回复都发送给readlink -f $0
。但是,由于OS X的readlink
与BSD相同,它只是不起作用(它适用于GNU的版本)。
是否有开箱即用的解决方案?
答案 0 :(得分:87)
这三个简单的步骤将解决这个问题以及许多其他OS X问题:
echo $_GET['username']." ".$_GET['lastname']." " .$_GET['firstname']." ".$_GET['submit'];
echo "thank-you for submitting this information on my website";
brew install coreutils
(3)可以改为grealpath .
,见(2)输出
答案 1 :(得分:69)
有一个realpath()
C函数可以完成这项工作,但我在命令行上看不到任何可用的东西。这是一个快速而又脏的替代品:
#!/bin/bash
realpath() {
[[ $1 = /* ]] && echo "$1" || echo "$PWD/${1#./}"
}
realpath "$0"
如果以/
开头,则逐字打印路径。如果不是,它必须是相对路径,因此它在前面加$PWD
。 #./
部分从./
的前面剥离$1
。
答案 2 :(得分:20)
唉。我发现之前的答案有点缺乏原因:特别是,它们没有解决多级符号链接,而且它们非常“Bash-y”。虽然原始问题明确要求“Bash脚本”,但它也提到了Mac OS X的类BSD,非GNU readlink
。所以这是尝试一些合理的可移植性(我用bash检查它为'sh'和破折号),解析任意数量的符号链接;它也应该与路径中的空格一起使用,虽然我不确定该实用程序本身的基本名称是否有空格,所以也许,嗯,避免这种情况?
#!/bin/sh
realpath() {
OURPWD=$PWD
cd "$(dirname "$1")"
LINK=$(readlink "$(basename "$1")")
while [ "$LINK" ]; do
cd "$(dirname "$LINK")"
LINK=$(readlink "$(basename "$1")")
done
REALPATH="$PWD/$(basename "$1")"
cd "$OURPWD"
echo "$REALPATH"
}
realpath "$@"
希望对某人有用。
答案 3 :(得分:10)
Python解决方案的更多命令行友好变体:
python -c "import os; print(os.path.realpath('$1'))"
答案 4 :(得分:7)
使用Python来获取它:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
print(os.path.realpath(sys.argv[1]))
答案 5 :(得分:6)
我一直在寻找在系统配置脚本中使用的解决方案,即在安装Homebrew之前运行。缺乏正确的解决方案我只是将任务卸载到跨平台语言,例如Perl:
script_abspath=$(perl -e 'use Cwd "abs_path"; print abs_path(@ARGV[0])' -- "$0")
我们真正想要的是包含目录:
here=$(perl -e 'use File::Basename; use Cwd "abs_path"; print dirname(abs_path(@ARGV[0]));' -- "$0")
答案 6 :(得分:6)
由于有其他人指出的realpath:
// realpath.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc > 1) {
for (int argIter = 1; argIter < argc; ++argIter) {
char *resolved_path_buffer = NULL;
char *result = realpath(argv[argIter], resolved_path_buffer);
puts(result);
if (result != NULL) {
free(result);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
生成文件:
#Makefile
OBJ = realpath.o
%.o: %.c
$(CC) -c -o $@ $< $(CFLAGS)
realpath: $(OBJ)
gcc -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS)
然后使用make
进行编译并输入以下软链接:
ln -s $(pwd)/realpath /usr/local/bin/realpath
答案 7 :(得分:3)
abs_path () {
echo "$(cd $(dirname "$1");pwd)/$(basename "$1")"
}
dirname
将给出目录名称/path/to/file
,即/path/to
。
cd /path/to; pwd
确保路径是绝对的。
basename
仅给出/path/to/file
中的文件名,即file
。
答案 8 :(得分:2)
正如你在上面所看到的那样,我在大约6个月前拍摄了这张照片。我完全 忘了它,直到我发现自己再次需要类似的东西。我曾是 完全震惊,看看它有多么简陋;我一直在教书 我自己编码已经大约一年了,但我经常感觉像 也许在情况最糟糕的时候,我根本没有学到任何东西。
我会删除上面的“解决方案”,但我真的很喜欢它的记录 我过去几个月里学到了多少。
但我离题了。我昨晚坐下来彻底解决了这个问题。中的解释 评论应该足够了。如果你想跟踪我正在继续的副本 要继续工作,you can follow this gist.这可能就是你所需要的。
#!/bin/sh # dash bash ksh # !zsh (issues). G. Nixon, 12/2013. Public domain.
## 'linkread' or 'fullpath' or (you choose) is a little tool to recursively
## dereference symbolic links (ala 'readlink') until the originating file
## is found. This is effectively the same function provided in stdlib.h as
## 'realpath' and on the command line in GNU 'readlink -f'.
## Neither of these tools, however, are particularly accessible on the many
## systems that do not have the GNU implementation of readlink, nor ship
## with a system compiler (not to mention the requisite knowledge of C).
## This script is written with portability and (to the extent possible, speed)
## in mind, hence the use of printf for echo and case statements where they
## can be substituded for test, though I've had to scale back a bit on that.
## It is (to the best of my knowledge) written in standard POSIX shell, and
## has been tested with bash-as-bin-sh, dash, and ksh93. zsh seems to have
## issues with it, though I'm not sure why; so probably best to avoid for now.
## Particularly useful (in fact, the reason I wrote this) is the fact that
## it can be used within a shell script to find the path of the script itself.
## (I am sure the shell knows this already; but most likely for the sake of
## security it is not made readily available. The implementation of "$0"
## specificies that the $0 must be the location of **last** symbolic link in
## a chain, or wherever it resides in the path.) This can be used for some
## ...interesting things, like self-duplicating and self-modifiying scripts.
## Currently supported are three errors: whether the file specified exists
## (ala ENOENT), whether its target exists/is accessible; and the special
## case of when a sybolic link references itself "foo -> foo": a common error
## for beginners, since 'ln' does not produce an error if the order of link
## and target are reversed on the command line. (See POSIX signal ELOOP.)
## It would probably be rather simple to write to use this as a basis for
## a pure shell implementation of the 'symlinks' util included with Linux.
## As an aside, the amount of code below **completely** belies the amount
## effort it took to get this right -- but I guess that's coding for you.
##===-------------------------------------------------------------------===##
for argv; do :; done # Last parameter on command line, for options parsing.
## Error messages. Use functions so that we can sub in when the error occurs.
recurses(){ printf "Self-referential:\n\t$argv ->\n\t$argv\n" ;}
dangling(){ printf "Broken symlink:\n\t$argv ->\n\t"$(readlink "$argv")"\n" ;}
errnoent(){ printf "No such file: "$@"\n" ;} # Borrow a horrible signal name.
# Probably best not to install as 'pathfull', if you can avoid it.
pathfull(){ cd "$(dirname "$@")"; link="$(readlink "$(basename "$@")")"
## 'test and 'ls' report different status for bad symlinks, so we use this.
if [ ! -e "$@" ]; then if $(ls -d "$@" 2>/dev/null) 2>/dev/null; then
errnoent 1>&2; exit 1; elif [ ! -e "$@" -a "$link" = "$@" ]; then
recurses 1>&2; exit 1; elif [ ! -e "$@" ] && [ ! -z "$link" ]; then
dangling 1>&2; exit 1; fi
fi
## Not a link, but there might be one in the path, so 'cd' and 'pwd'.
if [ -z "$link" ]; then if [ "$(dirname "$@" | cut -c1)" = '/' ]; then
printf "$@\n"; exit 0; else printf "$(pwd)/$(basename "$@")\n"; fi; exit 0
fi
## Walk the symlinks back to the origin. Calls itself recursivly as needed.
while [ "$link" ]; do
cd "$(dirname "$link")"; newlink="$(readlink "$(basename "$link")")"
case "$newlink" in
"$link") dangling 1>&2 && exit 1 ;;
'') printf "$(pwd)/$(basename "$link")\n"; exit 0 ;;
*) link="$newlink" && pathfull "$link" ;;
esac
done
printf "$(pwd)/$(basename "$newlink")\n"
}
## Demo. Install somewhere deep in the filesystem, then symlink somewhere
## else, symlink again (maybe with a different name) elsewhere, and link
## back into the directory you started in (or something.) The absolute path
## of the script will always be reported in the usage, along with "$0".
if [ -z "$argv" ]; then scriptname="$(pathfull "$0")"
# Yay ANSI l33t codes! Fancy.
printf "\n\033[3mfrom/as: \033[4m$0\033[0m\n\n\033[1mUSAGE:\033[0m "
printf "\033[4m$scriptname\033[24m [ link | file | dir ]\n\n "
printf "Recursive readlink for the authoritative file, symlink after "
printf "symlink.\n\n\n \033[4m$scriptname\033[24m\n\n "
printf " From within an invocation of a script, locate the script's "
printf "own file\n (no matter where it has been linked or "
printf "from where it is being called).\n\n"
else pathfull "$@"
fi
答案 9 :(得分:1)
Mac OS X的realpath
realpath() {
path=`eval echo "$1"`
folder=$(dirname "$path")
echo $(cd "$folder"; pwd)/$(basename "$path");
}
相关路径示例:
realpath "../scripts/test.sh"
主文件夹示例
realpath "~/Test/../Test/scripts/test.sh"
答案 10 :(得分:1)
我检查了所有答案,但错过了 Jason S 2016 年 7 月 14 日 3:12 的最佳答案(恕我直言),离开了评论字段。
所以这里是,以防像我这样的人倾向于检查答案并且没有时间浏览每一条评论:
$( cd "$(dirname "$0")" ; pwd -P )
帮助:
NAME
pwd -- return working directory name
SYNOPSIS
pwd [-L | -P]
DESCRIPTION
The pwd utility writes the absolute pathname of the current working
directory to the standard output.
Some shells may provide a builtin pwd command which is similar or identi-
cal to this utility. Consult the builtin(1) manual page.
The options are as follows:
-L Display the logical current working directory.
-P Display the physical current working directory (all symbolic
links resolved).
答案 11 :(得分:0)
在macOS上,我发现唯一可以可靠处理符号链接的解决方案是使用realpath
。由于这需要brew install coreutils
,因此我只是自动化了这一步骤。我的实现如下所示:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
if ! which realpath >&/dev/null; then
if ! which brew >&/dev/null; then
msg="ERROR: This script requires brew. See https://brew.sh for installation instructions."
echo "$(tput setaf 1)$msg$(tput sgr0)" >&2
exit 1
fi
echo "Installing coreutils/realpath"
brew install coreutils >&/dev/null
fi
thisDir=$( dirname "`realpath "$0"`" )
echo "This script is run from \"$thisDir\""
如果他们没有安装brew
,则会出现此错误,但是您也可以安装它。我只是不愿意自动化从网上卷曲任何红宝石代码的东西。
请注意,这是Oleg Mikheev的answer的自动版本。
对这些解决方案中的任何一个的良好测试是:
ln -s
)到该文件解决方案是否取消引用符号链接,并给您原始目录?如果是这样,那就行了。
答案 12 :(得分:0)
这似乎适用于OSX,不需要任何二进制文件,并且已被拉from here
function normpath() {
# Remove all /./ sequences.
local path=${1//\/.\//\/}
# Remove dir/.. sequences.
while [[ $path =~ ([^/][^/]*/\.\./) ]]; do
path=${path/${BASH_REMATCH[0]}/}
done
echo $path
}
答案 13 :(得分:0)
我喜欢这样:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
function realpath() {
local _X="$PWD"
local _LNK=$1
cd "$(dirname "$_LNK")"
if [ -h "$_LNK" ]; then
_LNK="$(readlink "$_LNK")"
cd "$(dirname "$_LNK")"
fi
echo "$PWD/$(basename "$_LNK")"
cd "$_X"
}
答案 14 :(得分:0)
我需要在OS X上进行realpath
的替换,该替换可以在具有符号链接和父引用的路径上正确运行,就像readlink -f
一样。这包括在解析父引用之前,在路径 中解析符号链接。例如如果您已经安装了自制coreutils
瓶子,请运行:
$ ln -s /var/log/cups /tmp/linkeddir # symlink to another directory
$ greadlink -f /tmp/linkeddir/.. # canonical path of the link parent
/private/var/log
请注意,readlink -f
在解决/tmp/linkeddir
父目录引用之前已解决..
。当然, 和Mac上都没有readlink -f
。
因此,作为realpath
的bash实现的一部分,我在Bash 3.2中重新实现了GNUlib canonicalize_filename_mode(path, CAN_ALL_BUT_LAST)
function call does。这也是GNU readlink -f
进行的函数调用:
# shellcheck shell=bash
set -euo pipefail
_contains() {
# return true if first argument is present in the other arguments
local elem value
value="$1"
shift
for elem in "$@"; do
if [[ $elem == "$value" ]]; then
return 0
fi
done
return 1
}
_canonicalize_filename_mode() {
# resolve any symlink targets, GNU readlink -f style
# where every path component except the last should exist and is
# resolved if it is a symlink. This is essentially a re-implementation
# of canonicalize_filename_mode(path, CAN_ALL_BUT_LAST).
# takes the path to canonicalize as first argument
local path result component seen
seen=()
path="$1"
result="/"
if [[ $path != /* ]]; then # add in current working dir if relative
result="$PWD"
fi
while [[ -n $path ]]; do
component="${path%%/*}"
case "$component" in
'') # empty because it started with /
path="${path:1}" ;;
.) # ./ current directory, do nothing
path="${path:1}" ;;
..) # ../ parent directory
if [[ $result != "/" ]]; then # not at the root?
result="${result%/*}" # then remove one element from the path
fi
path="${path:2}" ;;
*)
# add this component to the result, remove from path
if [[ $result != */ ]]; then
result="$result/"
fi
result="$result$component"
path="${path:${#component}}"
# element must exist, unless this is the final component
if [[ $path =~ [^/] && ! -e $result ]]; then
echo "$1: No such file or directory" >&2
return 1
fi
# if the result is a link, prefix it to the path, to continue resolving
if [[ -L $result ]]; then
if _contains "$result" "${seen[@]+"${seen[@]}"}"; then
# we've seen this link before, abort
echo "$1: Too many levels of symbolic links" >&2
return 1
fi
seen+=("$result")
path="$(readlink "$result")$path"
if [[ $path = /* ]]; then
# if the link is absolute, restart the result from /
result="/"
elif [[ $result != "/" ]]; then
# otherwise remove the basename of the link from the result
result="${result%/*}"
fi
elif [[ $path =~ [^/] && ! -d $result ]]; then
# otherwise all but the last element must be a dir
echo "$1: Not a directory" >&2
return 1
fi
;;
esac
done
echo "$result"
}
它包括循环符号链接检测,如果两次(相同)路径都被看到,则退出。
如果您只需要readlink -f
,则可以将以上内容用作:
readlink() {
if [[ $1 != -f ]]; then # poor-man's option parsing
# delegate to the standard readlink command
command readlink "$@"
return
fi
local path result seenerr
shift
seenerr=
for path in "$@"; do
# by default readlink suppresses error messages
if ! result=$(_canonicalize_filename_mode "$path" 2>/dev/null); then
seenerr=1
continue
fi
echo "$result"
done
if [[ $seenerr ]]; then
return 1;
fi
}
对于realpath
,我还需要--relative-to
和--relative-base
支持,它们在规范化后为您提供了相对路径:
_realpath() {
# GNU realpath replacement for bash 3.2 (OS X)
# accepts --relative-to= and --relative-base options
# and produces canonical (relative or absolute) paths for each
# argument on stdout, errors on stderr, and returns 0 on success
# and 1 if at least 1 path triggered an error.
local relative_to relative_base seenerr path
relative_to=
relative_base=
seenerr=
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case $1 in
"--relative-to="*)
relative_to=$(_canonicalize_filename_mode "${1#*=}")
shift 1;;
"--relative-base="*)
relative_base=$(_canonicalize_filename_mode "${1#*=}")
shift 1;;
*)
break;;
esac
done
if [[
-n $relative_to
&& -n $relative_base
&& ${relative_to#${relative_base}/} == "$relative_to"
]]; then
# relative_to is not a subdir of relative_base -> ignore both
relative_to=
relative_base=
elif [[ -z $relative_to && -n $relative_base ]]; then
# if relative_to has not been set but relative_base has, then
# set relative_to from relative_base, simplifies logic later on
relative_to="$relative_base"
fi
for path in "$@"; do
if ! real=$(_canonicalize_filename_mode "$path"); then
seenerr=1
continue
fi
# make path relative if so required
if [[
-n $relative_to
&& ( # path must not be outside relative_base to be made relative
-z $relative_base || ${real#${relative_base}/} != "$real"
)
]]; then
local common_part parentrefs
common_part="$relative_to"
parentrefs=
while [[ ${real#${common_part}/} == "$real" ]]; do
common_part="$(dirname "$common_part")"
parentrefs="..${parentrefs:+/$parentrefs}"
done
if [[ $common_part != "/" ]]; then
real="${parentrefs:+${parentrefs}/}${real#${common_part}/}"
fi
fi
echo "$real"
done
if [[ $seenerr ]]; then
return 1
fi
}
if ! command -v realpath > /dev/null 2>&1; then
# realpath is not available on OSX unless you install the `coreutils` brew
realpath() { _realpath "$@"; }
fi
我在Code Review request for this code中包含了单元测试。
答案 15 :(得分:-2)
基于与评论者的交流,我同意这非常困难且没有实现普通路径的通用方法,其行为与Ubuntu完全相同。
但是以下版本可以处理最佳答案无法满足的极端情况,并满足我在Macbook上的日常需求。将此代码放入您的〜/ .bashrc中并记住:
# 1. if is a dir, try cd and pwd
# 2. if is a file, try cd its parent and concat dir+file
realpath() {
[ "$1" = "" ] && return 1
dir=`dirname "$1"`
file=`basename "$1"`
last=`pwd`
[ -d "$dir" ] && cd $dir || return 1
if [ -d "$file" ];
then
# case 1
cd $file && pwd || return 1
else
# case 2
echo `pwd`/$file | sed 's/\/\//\//g'
fi
cd $last
}