我想编写可重用的代码,需要在开头声明一些变量并在脚本中重用它们,例如:
DEFINE stupidvar = 'stupidvarcontent';
SELECT stupiddata
FROM stupidtable
WHERE stupidcolumn = &stupidvar;
如何声明变量并在后面的语句中重用它,例如使用SQLDeveloper。
尝试
BEGIN
和END;
中插入以下SELECT语句。使用&stupidvar
DEFINE
并访问变量。VARIABLE
并访问变量。但我在尝试期间遇到各种错误(未绑定变量,语法错误,预期SELECT INTO
...)。
答案 0 :(得分:123)
在SQL * Plus脚本中有几种声明变量的方法。
首先是使用VAR。为VAR分配值的机制是使用EXEC调用:
SQL> var name varchar2(20)
SQL> exec :name := 'SALES'
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from dept
2 where dname = :name
3 /
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL>
当我们想要调用具有OUT参数或函数的存储过程时,VAR特别有用。
Alternativley我们可以使用替换变量。这些对于交互模式很有用:
SQL> accept p_dno prompt "Please enter Department number: " default 10
Please enter Department number: 20
SQL> select ename, sal
2 from emp
3 where deptno = &p_dno
4 /
old 3: where deptno = &p_dno
new 3: where deptno = 20
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
CLARKE 800
ROBERTSON 2975
RIGBY 3000
KULASH 1100
GASPAROTTO 3000
SQL>
当我们编写一个调用其他脚本的脚本时,预先定义变量会很有用:
SQL> def p_dno = 40
SQL> select ename, sal
2 from emp
3 where deptno = &p_dno
4 /
old 3: where deptno = &p_dno
new 3: where deptno = 40
no rows selected
SQL>
最后是匿名的PL / SQL块。如您所见,我们仍然可以交互地为声明的变量赋值:
SQL> set serveroutput on size unlimited
SQL> declare
2 n pls_integer;
3 l_sal number := 3500;
4 l_dno number := &dno;
5 begin
6 select count(*)
7 into n
8 from emp
9 where sal > l_sal
10 and deptno = l_dno;
11 dbms_output.put_line('top earners = '||to_char(n));
12 end;
13 /
Enter value for dno: 10
old 4: l_dno number := &dno;
new 4: l_dno number := 10;
top earners = 1
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
答案 1 :(得分:23)
如果它是char变量,请尝试使用双引号:
DEFINE stupidvar = "'stupidvarcontent'";
或
DEFINE stupidvar = 'stupidvarcontent';
SELECT stupiddata
FROM stupidtable
WHERE stupidcolumn = '&stupidvar'
UPD:
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 25 17:13:26 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn od/od@etalon
Connected.
SQL> define var = "'FL-208'";
SQL> select code from product where code = &var;
old 1: select code from product where code = &var
new 1: select code from product where code = 'FL-208'
CODE
---------------
FL-208
SQL> define var = 'FL-208';
SQL> select code from product where code = &var;
old 1: select code from product where code = &var
new 1: select code from product where code = FL-208
select code from product where code = FL-208
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06553: PLS-221: 'FL' is not a procedure or is undefined
答案 2 :(得分:14)
在PL / SQL v.10中
keyword declare用于声明变量
DECLARE stupidvar varchar(20);
指定一个值,您可以在声明
时设置它DECLARE stupidvar varchar(20) := '12345678';
或者在您使用INTO
语句的变量中选择一些内容,但是您需要在BEGIN
和END
中包装语句,同时您还需要确保只返回单个值,别忘了用分号。
所以完整的陈述将在下面出现:
DECLARE stupidvar varchar(20);
BEGIN
SELECT stupid into stupidvar FROM stupiddata CC
WHERE stupidid = 2;
END;
您的变量只能在BEGIN
和END
内使用,因此如果您想使用多个变量,则必须执行多个BEGIN END
包装
DECLARE stupidvar varchar(20);
BEGIN
SELECT stupid into stupidvar FROM stupiddata CC
WHERE stupidid = 2;
DECLARE evenmorestupidvar varchar(20);
BEGIN
SELECT evenmorestupid into evenmorestupidvar FROM evenmorestupiddata CCC
WHERE evenmorestupidid = 42;
INSERT INTO newstupiddata (newstupidcolumn, newevenmorestupidstupidcolumn)
SELECT stupidvar, evenmorestupidvar
FROM dual
END;
END;
希望这能节省你一些时间
答案 3 :(得分:5)
如果要声明日期,然后在SQL Developer中使用它。
DEFINE PROPp_START_DT = TO_DATE('01-SEP-1999')
SELECT *
FROM proposal
WHERE prop_start_dt = &PROPp_START_DT
答案 4 :(得分:3)
只想添加 Matas '答案。 也许这很明显,但我已经搜索了很长时间才发现变量只能在BEGIN-END 构造中访问,所以如果你以后需要在某些代码中使用它,你需要将此代码放入BEGIN-END块。
请注意,这些块可以嵌套:
DECLARE x NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT PK INTO x FROM table1 WHERE col1 = 'test';
DECLARE y NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT PK INTO y FROM table2 WHERE col2 = x;
INSERT INTO table2 (col1, col2)
SELECT y,'text'
FROM dual
WHERE exists(SELECT * FROM table2);
COMMIT;
END;
END;
答案 5 :(得分:3)
问题是在脚本中使用变量意味着它将在SQL * Plus中使用。
问题是您错过了引号,Oracle无法将值解析为数字。
SQL> DEFINE num = 2018
SQL> SELECT &num AS your_num FROM dual;
old 1: SELECT &num AS your_num FROM dual
new 1: SELECT 2018 AS your_num FROM dual
YOUR_NUM
----------
2018
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
由于自动类型转换(或其他任何调用),此示例工作正常。
如果通过在SQL * Plus中键入DEFINE进行检查,则会显示num变量为CHAR。
SQL>define
DEFINE NUM = "2018" (CHAR)
在这种情况下,这不是问题,因为Oracle可以处理将字符串解析为数字(如果它是有效数字)。
当字符串无法解析为数字时,Oracle无法处理它。
SQL> DEFINE num = 'Doh'
SQL> SELECT &num AS your_num FROM dual;
old 1: SELECT &num AS your_num FROM dual
new 1: SELECT Doh AS your_num FROM dual
SELECT Doh AS your_num FROM dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "DOH": invalid identifier
有了引用,所以不要强迫Oracle解析数字,也没关系:
17:31:00 SQL> SELECT '&num' AS your_num FROM dual;
old 1: SELECT '&num' AS your_num FROM dual
new 1: SELECT 'Doh' AS your_num FROM dual
YOU
---
Doh
所以,回答原来的问题,应该像这样的样本:
SQL> DEFINE stupidvar = 'X'
SQL>
SQL> SELECT 'print stupidvar:' || '&stupidvar'
2 FROM dual
3 WHERE dummy = '&stupidvar';
old 1: SELECT 'print stupidvar:' || '&stupidvar'
new 1: SELECT 'print stupidvar:' || 'X'
old 3: WHERE dummy = '&stupidvar'
new 3: WHERE dummy = 'X'
'PRINTSTUPIDVAR:'
-----------------
print stupidvar:X
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
还有另一种方法可以使用查询列值在SQL * Plus中存储变量。
COL [UMN]具有 new_value 选项,可以按字段名称查询值。
SQL> COLUMN stupid_column_name new_value stupid_var noprint
SQL> SELECT dummy || '.log' AS stupid_column_name
2 FROM dual;
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
SQL> SPOOL &stupid_var.
SQL> SELECT '&stupid_var' FROM DUAL;
old 1: SELECT '&stupid_var' FROM DUAL
new 1: SELECT 'X.log' FROM DUAL
X.LOG
-----
X.log
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
SQL>SPOOL OFF;
如您所见,X.log值已设置为 stupid_var 变量,因此我们可以在当前目录中找到一个X.log文件,其中包含一些日志。
答案 6 :(得分:2)
这是你的答案:
DEFINE num := 1; -- The semi-colon is needed for default values.
SELECT &num FROM dual;
答案 7 :(得分:0)
在Toad中,我使用此作品:
declare
num number;
begin
---- use 'select into' works
--select 123 into num from dual;
---- also can use :=
num := 123;
dbms_output.Put_line(num);
end;
然后将值打印到DBMS Output
窗口。
答案 8 :(得分:0)
有时,您需要使用宏变量而不要求用户输入值。通常,这必须使用可选的脚本参数来完成。以下代码功能齐全
column 1 noprint new_value 1
select '' "1" from dual where 2!=2;
select nvl('&&1', 'VAH') "1" from dual;
column 1 clear
define 1
在rdbms / sql目录中找到了类似的代码。
答案 9 :(得分:0)
如果您只需要指定一次参数并将其复制到多个位置,则一种可能的方法是执行以下操作:
SELECT
str_size /* my variable usage */
, LPAD(TRUNC(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE * POWER(10, str_size)), str_size, '0') rand
FROM
dual /* or any other table, or mixed of joined tables */
CROSS JOIN (SELECT 8 str_size FROM dual); /* my variable declaration */
此代码生成由8个随机数字组成的字符串。
请注意,我创建了一种名为str_size
的别名,其中包含常量8
。交叉联接将在查询中多次使用。