约束参数,new()

时间:2016-02-26 02:58:58

标签: c# oop generics inheritance abstract-class

有没有办法将Parse方法移动到抽象类?我尝试了多种方式(底部的链接),但我仍然遇到了一个或另一个障碍。

public class AnimalEntityId : EntityId<AnimalEntityId>
{
    public AnimalEntityId()
        : base()
    {
    }

    private AnimalEntityId(string value)
        : base(value)
    {
    }

    public static AnimalEntityId Parse(string value)
    {
        return new AnimalEntityId(value);
    }
}


public abstract class EntityId<TEntityId>
{
    private readonly System.Guid value;

    protected EntityId(string value)
    {
        this.value = System.Guid.Parse(value);
    }

    protected EntityId()
    {
        this.value = System.Guid.NewGuid();
    }
}

试试这些建议没有运气:

提前致谢!

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

不,您不能编写模板约束,例如new(string)而不是new()。您必须利用反射才能使其发挥作用:

public abstract class EntityId<TEntityId>
    where TEntityId : EntityId<TEntityId>
{
    private readonly System.Guid value;

    protected EntityId(string value)
    {
        this.value = System.Guid.Parse(value);
    }

    protected EntityId()
    {
        this.value = System.Guid.NewGuid();
    }

    public static TEntityId Parse(string value)
    {
        return (TEntityId)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(TEntityId), new object[] { value });
    }
}

假设您使构造函数可访问(而不是当前是私有的)。请注意约束where TEntityId : EntityId<TEntityId> - 这将确保我们只返回EntityId

的子类

答案 1 :(得分:1)

如果您不介意使用反射,可以将Parse移动到这样的抽象类型中:

public static TEntityId Parse(string val) {
    var constr = typeof(TEntityId).GetConstructor(
        // Since the constructor is private, you need binding flags
        BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic
    ,   null
    ,   new[]{ typeof(string) }
    ,   null);
    if (constr == null) {
        throw new InvalidOperationException("No constructor");
    }
    return (TEntityId)constr.Invoke(new object[] {val});
}

Demo.

答案 2 :(得分:1)

如何使value成为私有可变字段/属性并实际从Parse方法设置它?

(为了简单起见,从EntityId中删除了奇怪的重复通用参数)

public class SimpleAnimalEntityId : EntityId
{
    // Implicit parameterless constructor.
}

public class ParametrizedAnimalEntityId : EntityId
{
    // Parametrized constructor only.
    public ParametrizedAnimalEntityId(int ignored)
    {
    }
}

public abstract class EntityId
{
    // Simple scenario: derived type has a parameterless constructor.
    public static TEntity Parse<TEntity>(string value)
        where TEntity : EntityId, new()
    {
        Guid id = Guid.Parse(value);

        return new TEntity { value = id };
    }

    // Advanced scenario: derived type constructor needs parameters injected.
    public static TEntity Parse<TEntity>(string value, Func<TEntity> constructor)
        where TEntity : EntityId
    {
        Guid id = Guid.Parse(value);
        TEntity entity = constructor();

        entity.value = id;

        return entity;
    }

    private Guid value;

    protected EntityId()
    {
        value = Guid.NewGuid();
    }
}

现在,您可以使用Parse方法处理任何构造函数:

string id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
SimpleAnimalEntityId simple = EntityId.Parse<SimpleAnimalEntityId>(id);
ParametrizedAnimalEntityId parametrized = EntityId.Parse(id, () => new ParametrizedAnimalEntityId(42));