我正在寻找一种MPI功能/方法,它允许从一个进程向所有其他进程提供多个数据块。与MPI_Bcast类似,但同时有多个块?
我在根级别上有一个零碎的数据块:
#define BLOCKS 5
#define BLOCKSIZE 10000
char *datablock[BLOCKS];
int i;
for (i=0; i<BLOCKS; i++) datablock[i] = (char*)malloc(BLOCKSIZE*sizeof(char))
这只是一个例子,但很明显BLOCKS不是必须相邻的。我希望这个数据块传递给所有其他级别(我已经准备好了必要的内存来存储它)。
我注意到有一些方法,比如MPI_Gatherv或MPI_Scatterv允许使用置换数组收集或散布碎片数据,问题是散点图将每个碎片发送到不同的等级,我需要将所有碎片发送到所有其他等级,像MPI_Bcastv那样的具有位移信息的MPI_Bcast。
一种解决方案是拥有多个MPI_Bcast调用(每个块一个),但我不确定这是否是最好的方法。
更新: 我将尝试MPI_Ibcast方法,这是我认为应该工作:
int rank; // rank id
int blocksize = 10000;
int blocknum = 200;
char **datablock = NULL;
char *recvblock = NULL;
MPI_Request *request;
request = (MPI_Request *)malloc(blocknum*sizeof(MPI_Request));
if(rank == 0) {
// this is just an example in practice those blocks are created one the fly as soon as the last block is filled
datablock = (char**)malloc(blocknum*sizeof(char*));
for (i=0; i<BLOCKS; i++) datablock[i] = (char*)malloc(blocksize*sizeof(char));
for (i=0; i<blocknum; i++)
MPI_Ibcast(datablock[i], blocksize, MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, request[i]);
} else {
// for this example the other threads know allreay how many blocks the rank 0 has created, in practice this information is broadcasted via MPI before the MPI_Ibcast call
recvblock = (*char)malloc(blocksize*blocknum*sizeof(char));
for (i=0; i<blocknum; i++)
MPI_Ibcast(recvblock+i*(blocksize), blocksize, MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, request[i]);
}
MPI_Waitall(blocknum, request, MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE);
所以,有一个MPI_Waitall缺失,我不知道如何使用它,有一个计数,一组请求和一系列状态需要!?
我对根和其他等级有不同的MPI_Ibcast的原因是,发送缓冲区与接收缓冲区不同。
另一个问题是,我是否需要为for循环中的每个MPI_Ibcast提供不同的请求,或者我可以重用MPI_request变量,就像我在上面的示例中所做的那样?
UPDATE2:所以我更新了这个例子,我现在使用MPI_Request指针! 然后我在定义之后通过malloc调用初始化,这似乎很奇怪,我猜这只是一个例子,实际上所需的请求数量只在运行时才知道。我特别担心如果我可以在这里使用sizeof(MPI_Request),或者这是否有问题,因为这不是标准数据类型?
除此之外,示例是否正确?如果我想使用MPI_Ibcast,这是一个很好的解决方案吗?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
序列化是个好主意吗?例如,您可以将多个缓冲区复制到一个缓冲区中,对其进行广播,然后在接收方进行解压缩。 It is the way boost.mpi
handles complex objects (in c++)
或者,您可以对MPI_Bcast()
的非阻止版本MPI_Ibcast()
使用多次调用,然后调用MPI_Waitall()
。
请注意,您描述的数据看起来像2D数组。有一种方法可以以不同的方式分配它,以便整个数据在内存中是连续的:
int block=42;
int blocksize=42;
char **array=malloc(block*sizeof(char*));
if(array==NULL){fprintf(stderr,"malloc failed\n";exit(1);}
array[0]=malloc(block*blocksize*sizeof(char));
if(array[0]==NULL){fprintf(stderr,"malloc failed\n";exit(1);}
int i;
for(i=1;i<block;i++){
array[i]=&array[0][i*blocksize];
}
然后,对MPI_Bcast()
的单个调用足以扩展整个数组:
MPI_Bcast(array[0], block*blocksize, MPI_CHAR,0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
编辑:以下是基于您的代码的解决方案,由mpicc main.c -o main -Wall
编译并由mpirun -np 4 main
运行:
#include <mpi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int size, rank;
MPI_Init(&argc,&argv);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&rank);
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&size);
int i;
int blocksize = 10000;
int blocknum = 200;
char **datablock = NULL;
char *recvblock = NULL;
MPI_Request requests[blocknum];
MPI_Status status[blocknum];
if(rank == 0) {
// this is just an example in practice those blocks are created one the fly as soon as the last block is filled
datablock = malloc(blocknum*sizeof(char*));
if(datablock==NULL){fprintf(stderr,"malloc failed\n"); exit(1);}
for (i=0; i<blocknum; i++){
datablock[i] = (char*)malloc(blocksize*sizeof(char));
if(datablock[i]==NULL){fprintf(stderr,"malloc failed\n"); exit(1);}
datablock[i][0]=i%64;
}
for (i=0; i<blocknum; i++)
MPI_Ibcast(datablock[i], blocksize, MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &requests[i]);
} else {
// for this example the other threads know allreay how many blocks the rank 0 has created, in practice this information is broadcasted via MPI before the MPI_Ibcast call
recvblock = malloc(blocksize*blocknum*sizeof(char));
if(recvblock==NULL){fprintf(stderr,"malloc failed\n"); exit(1);}
for (i=0; i<blocknum; i++)
MPI_Ibcast(recvblock+i*(blocksize), blocksize, MPI_CHAR, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &requests[i]);
}
int ierr=MPI_Waitall(blocknum, requests, status);
if(ierr!=MPI_SUCCESS){fprintf(stderr,"MPI_Waitall() failed rank %d\n",rank);exit(1);}
if(rank==0){
for(i=0;i<blocknum;i++){
free(datablock[i]);
}
free(datablock);
}else{
for(i=0;i<blocknum;i++){
if(recvblock[i*(blocksize)]!=i%64){
printf("communcation problem ! %d %d %d\n",rank,i, recvblock[i*(blocksize)]);
}
}
free(recvblock);
}
MPI_Finalize();
return 0;
}
我认为最佳实现会在序列化和MPI_IBcast()
之间进行混合,以限制内存占用量和消息数量。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您可以使用多个 bcast(然后使用 SELECT product,
MAX(customer) AS customer -- you may remove this column if you don't need the customer also
FROM table
GROUP BY product
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT customer) = 1
可能是个好主意)但如果您想尝试一次性发送所有内容,请查看 Ibcast
派生数据类型。