考虑一个遍历长而线性路径的矩形。找出动画中早期形状的位置会很有用。在形状移动之前显示整个路径不是我想要的。通过添加窗格的路径可以轻松完成。
我希望在形状后面有一条尾随线,表示形状到目前为止所经过的路径。有谁知道如何在Javafx中这样做?我正在使用Path和PathTransition在路径上为我的对象设置动画。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
有各种解决方案。取决于您选择哪一个决定您的结果。
当节点沿路径移动时,您可以在其上使用画布和绘画线。
import javafx.animation.Animation;
import javafx.animation.PathTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas;
import javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.CubicCurveTo;
import javafx.scene.shape.LineTo;
import javafx.scene.shape.MoveTo;
import javafx.scene.shape.Path;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class PathVisualization extends Application {
private static double SCENE_WIDTH = 400;
private static double SCENE_HEIGHT = 260;
Canvas canvas;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Pane root = new Pane();
Path path = createPath();
canvas = new Canvas(SCENE_WIDTH,SCENE_HEIGHT);
root.getChildren().addAll(path, canvas);
primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, SCENE_WIDTH, SCENE_HEIGHT));
primaryStage.show();
Animation animation = createPathAnimation(path, Duration.seconds(5));
animation.play();
}
private Path createPath() {
Path path = new Path();
path.setStroke(Color.RED);
path.setStrokeWidth(10);
path.getElements().addAll(new MoveTo(20, 20), new CubicCurveTo(380, 0, 380, 120, 200, 120), new CubicCurveTo(0, 120, 0, 240, 380, 240), new LineTo(20,20));
return path;
}
private Animation createPathAnimation(Path path, Duration duration) {
GraphicsContext gc = canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
// move a node along a path. we want its position
Circle pen = new Circle(0, 0, 4);
// create path transition
PathTransition pathTransition = new PathTransition( duration, path, pen);
pathTransition.currentTimeProperty().addListener( new ChangeListener<Duration>() {
Location oldLocation = null;
/**
* Draw a line from the old location to the new location
*/
@Override
public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Duration> observable, Duration oldValue, Duration newValue) {
// skip starting at 0/0
if( oldValue == Duration.ZERO)
return;
// get current location
double x = pen.getTranslateX();
double y = pen.getTranslateY();
// initialize the location
if( oldLocation == null) {
oldLocation = new Location();
oldLocation.x = x;
oldLocation.y = y;
return;
}
// draw line
gc.setStroke(Color.BLUE);
gc.setFill(Color.YELLOW);
gc.setLineWidth(4);
gc.strokeLine(oldLocation.x, oldLocation.y, x, y);
// update old location with current one
oldLocation.x = x;
oldLocation.y = y;
}
});
return pathTransition;
}
public static class Location {
double x;
double y;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
这是截图的截图。红色是实际路径,蓝色是在画布上绘制的路径:
其他解决方案使用e。 G。 。但是,如果您使用该技术选择与我上面相同的持续时间(即5秒),您将得到这样的差距:
带有线条图的解决方案也有其缺点。如果选择1秒,您将看到线段。绕开这个问题的可能性就是你自己。但是,为此你必须将路径分成几段而且这有点数学。
略微偏离主题,但如何smooth the path也可以让你为你提供想法。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
Michael Bostock通过操纵笔触虚线阵列并插入笔划短划线偏移来执行路径动画。他提供了一个示例(当然),您可以查看here。
在JavaFX中可以采用相同的方法。这是一个DrawPathTransition
我创建的(Kotlin)类使用了这种技术:
class DrawPathTransition(val path: Path) : Transition() {
private val DEFAULT_DURATION = Duration.millis(400.0)
private val length = path.totalLength
var duration: Duration
get() = durationProperty.get()
set(value) {
durationProperty.set(value)
}
val durationProperty = SimpleObjectProperty(DEFAULT_DURATION)
init {
durationProperty.addListener({ _ -> cycleDuration = duration })
statusProperty().addListener({ _, _, status ->
when(status) {
Status.RUNNING -> path.strokeDashArray.addAll(length, length)
Status.STOPPED -> path.strokeDashArray.clear()
}
})
}
override fun interpolate(frac: Double) {
path.strokeDashOffset = length - length * frac
}
}
这里棘手的部分是获取路径的总长度。有关如何完成此操作,请参阅answer至此question。
然后,您可以将PathTransition
与DrawPathTransition
中相同持续时间的上述ParallelTransition
合并,以获得您想要的内容。
由于这种方法修改了strokeDashArray
和strokeDashOffset
,它只适用于实线,但如果我们想要支持虚线呢? Nadieh Bremer有一篇很好的文章可以查看here。
下面提供的DrawPathTransition
(Kotlin)类实现了这种技术。请注意,这可以在转换过程中创建相当大的strokeDashArray
。
class DrawPathTransition(val path: Path) : Transition() {
private val length = path.totalLength
private val stroked = path.strokeDashArray.isNotEmpty()
private val dashArray: List<Double> = if(stroked) ArrayList(path.strokeDashArray) else emptyList()
private val dashLength = dashArray.sum()
private val dashOffset = path.strokeDashOffset
var duration: Duration
get() = durationProperty.get()
set(value) {
durationProperty.set(value)
}
val durationProperty = SimpleObjectProperty(DEFAULT_DURATION)
init {
durationProperty.addListener({ _ -> cycleDuration = duration })
if(stroked) {
val n = (length / dashLength).toInt()
path.strokeDashArray.clear()
(1..n).forEach { path.strokeDashArray.addAll(dashArray) }
path.strokeDashArray.addAll(0.0, length)
statusProperty().addListener({ _, _, status ->
if(status == Animation.Status.STOPPED) {
path.strokeDashOffset = dashOffset
path.strokeDashArray.setAll(dashArray)
}
})
}
}
override fun interpolate(frac: Double) {
path.strokeDashOffset = length - length * frac
}
}
我对这种方法并不完全满意,因为当绘制路径时,笔划似乎沿着路径“行进”,这对于持续时间较短而言看起来并不是很好。相反,我希望它看起来好像中风随着时间的推移被“显露”(所以没有中风运动)。下面的DrawPathTransition
(Kotlin)类实现了我的解决方案:
class DrawPathTransition(val path: Path) : Transition() {
private val length = path.totalLength
private val stroked = path.strokeDashArray.isNotEmpty()
private val dashArray: List<Double> = if(stroked) ArrayList(path.strokeDashArray) else emptyList()
private val dashSum = dashArray.sum()
private val dashOffset = path.strokeDashOffset
var duration: Duration
get() = durationProperty.get()
set(value) {
durationProperty.set(value)
}
val durationProperty = SimpleObjectProperty(DEFAULT_DURATION)
init {
durationProperty.addListener({ _ -> cycleDuration = duration })
if(stroked) {
statusProperty().addListener({ _, _, status ->
if(status == Animation.Status.STOPPED) {
path.strokeDashOffset = dashOffset
path.strokeDashArray.setAll(dashArray)
}
})
}
}
override fun interpolate(frac: Double) {
val l = length * frac
if(stroked) {
path.strokeDashOffset = l
val n = ceil(l / dashSum).toInt()
path.strokeDashArray.clear()
path.strokeDashArray.addAll(0.0, l)
(1..n).forEach { path.strokeDashArray.addAll(dashArray) }
path.strokeDashArray.addAll(0.0, length - l)
}
else path.strokeDashOffset = length - l
}
}