如何在Python中枚举枚举中的自定义属性(类似Javascript)

时间:2016-02-23 02:31:59

标签: python python-3.x

在JavaScript中,我们可以这样做:

var Color = {
    YELLOW: { value: 1, displayString: "Yellow" },
    GREEN: { value: 2, displayString: "Green" },
}

所以我可以致电:

Color.YELLOW.displayString

在Java中我们可以这样做:

public enum Color {

    YELLOW (1, "Yellow"),
    GREEN (2, "Green"),

    private Color(String value, int displayString){
        this.value = value;
        this.displayString = displayString;
    }

    private final int value;
    private final String displayString;

    public String getValue() {return value;}
    public String getDisplayString() {return displayString;}
}

所以我可以致电:

Color.YELLOW.getDisplayString()

经过大量研究后,我发现使用内置的Enum模块在Python中找不到干净的方法。我怎么能这样做?

由于

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:15)

这里涉及两个概念:枚举和对象成员的属性样式访问,可以内联初始化。对于后者,你需要某种自定义类,但由于你想要一些非常直接的东西,namedtuple就足够了。因此,结合namedtupleenum,这可能是一个解决方案:

from enum import Enum
from collections import namedtuple

Color = namedtuple('Color', ['value', 'displayString'])

class Colors(Enum):

    @property
    def displayString(self):
        return self.value.displayString

    yellow = Color(1, 'Yellow')
    green = Color(2, 'Green')

print(Colors.yellow.displayString)

答案 1 :(得分:2)

这是另一种方法,即来自https://github.com/hzdg/django-enumfields

的代码
import enum
import inspect

class ColorEnumMeta(enum.EnumMeta):
    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs):
        DisplayStrings = attrs.get('DisplayStrings')

        if DisplayStrings is not None and inspect.isclass(DisplayStrings):
            del attrs['DisplayStrings']
            if hasattr(attrs, '_member_names'):
                attrs._member_names.remove('DisplayStrings')

        obj = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs)
        for m in obj:
            m.display_string = getattr(DisplayStrings, m.name, None)

        return obj

class Color(enum.Enum, metaclass=ColorEnumMeta):
    yellow = 1
    green = 2

    class DisplayStrings:
        yellow = 'Yellow'
        green = 'Green'

print(Color.yellow.display_string)  # 'Yellow'

或基于此代码的东西,但稍微短一些:

import enum

class ColorEnumMeta(enum.EnumMeta):
    def __new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs):
        obj = super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs)
        obj._value2member_map_ = {}
        for m in obj:
            value, display_string = m.value
            m._value_ = value
            m.display_string = display_string
            obj._value2member_map_[value] = m

        return obj

class Color(enum.Enum, metaclass=ColorEnumMeta):
    yellow = 1, 'Yellow'
    green = 2, 'Green'

print(Color.yellow.display_string)  # 'Yellow'

答案 2 :(得分:0)

您可以使用dictionary in python

Color = { 
    'YELLOW': { 'value': 1, 'displayString': "Yellow" },
    'GREEN': { 'value': 2, 'displayString': "Green" }
}
Color['YELLOW']['displayString']

答案 3 :(得分:0)

您通常不应在代码中包含这样的文字。内容应来自文件或数据库。但你可以看到如何构建它

>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Color = namedtuple("color", "YELLOW,GREEN")(
        namedtuple("yellow", "value,display_string")(1, "yellow"),
        namedtuple("green", "value,display_string")(2, "green"))
>>> Color.YELLOW.display_string
'yellow'

这也适用于不支持枚举

的旧蟒蛇