为什么Ruby会更改类范围之外的变量?

时间:2016-02-19 17:10:38

标签: ruby

给出以下一组课程:

public class Test extends SherlockActivity implements OnItemClickListener {

ArrayAdapter<String> listAdapter;
ListView listView;
BluetoothAdapter btAdapter;
Set<BluetoothDevice> devicesArray;
ArrayList<String> pairedDevices;
ArrayList<BluetoothDevice> devices;
public static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
protected static final int SUCCESS_CONNECT = 0;
protected static final int MESSAGE_READ = 1;
IntentFilter filter;
BroadcastReceiver receiver;
String tag = "debugging";
Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg){
        super.handleMessage(msg);
        switch(msg.what){
        case SUCCESS_CONNECT:
            ConnectedThread connectedThread = new ConnectedThread((BluetoothSocket)msg.obj);
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"CONNECT",0).show();
            connectedThread.run();
            break;
        case MESSAGE_READ:
            byte[] readBuf = (byte[])msg.obj;
            String string = new String(readBuf);
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),string,0).show();
            break;
        }
    }
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.test);
    init();
    if(btAdapter == null){
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"No se ha detectado Bluetooth",0).show();
        finish();
    }else{
        if(!btAdapter.isEnabled()){
            turnOnBT();
        }

        getPairedDevices();
        startDiscovery();
    }

}

private void startDiscovery() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    btAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
    btAdapter.startDiscovery();

}

private void turnOnBT() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
    startActivityForResult(intent,1);
}

private void getPairedDevices() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    devicesArray = btAdapter.getBondedDevices();
    if(devicesArray.size() > 0){
        for(BluetoothDevice device:devicesArray){
            pairedDevices.add(device.getName());

        }
    }
}

private void init() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.listView);
    listView.setOnItemClickListener(this);
    listAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, 0);
    listView.setAdapter(listAdapter);
    btAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
    pairedDevices = new ArrayList<String>();
    filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
    devices = new ArrayList<BluetoothDevice>();
    receiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            String action = intent.getAction();

            if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                devices.add(device);
                String s = "";
                for (int a = 0; a < pairedDevices.size();a++){
                    if(device.getName().equals(pairedDevices.get(a))){
                        //append

                        s = "(Paired)";
                        break;
                    }
                }
                //matt-hp (paired)
                listAdapter.add(device.getName()+" "+s+" "+device.getAddress());
            }
            else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)){
                //run some code
            }
            else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)){
                //run some code
            }
            else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)){
                if(btAdapter.getState() == btAdapter.STATE_OFF){
                    turnOnBT();
                }
            }

        }
    };
    registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
     filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
    registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
     filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
    registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
     filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
    registerReceiver(receiver, filter);

}

@Override
protected void onPause(){
    super.onPause();
    unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    if(resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED){
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"Bluetooth must be enabled to continue",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        finish();
    }
}

@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    if(btAdapter.isDiscovering()){
        btAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
    }
    if(listAdapter.getItem(arg2).contains("(Paired)")){
        BluetoothDevice selectedDevice = devices.get(arg2);
        ConnectThread connect = new ConnectThread(selectedDevice);
        connect.start();
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "device is paired", 0).show();
    }else{
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "device is not paired", 0).show();
    }

}

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
    private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;

    public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,
        // because mmSocket is final
        BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
        mmDevice = device;

        // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice
        try {
            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code
            tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
        mmSocket = tmp;
    }

    public void run() {
        // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection
        btAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        Log.i(tag,"connect - run");
        try {
            // Connect the device through the socket. This will block
            // until it succeeds or throws an exception
            mmSocket.connect();
            Log.i(tag,"connect - succeeded");
        } catch (IOException connectException) {
                Log.i(tag,"connect - failed");
            // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException closeException) { }
            return;
        }

        // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
        mHandler.obtainMessage(SUCCESS_CONNECT, mmSocket).sendToTarget();
    }


    /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}

private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
    private final InputStream mmInStream;
    private final OutputStream mmOutStream;

    public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
        mmSocket = socket;
        InputStream tmpIn = null;
        OutputStream tmpOut = null;

        // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because
        // member streams are final
        try {
            tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
            tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
        } catch (IOException e) { }

        mmInStream = tmpIn;
        mmOutStream = tmpOut;
    }

    public void run() {
        byte[] buffer;  // buffer store for the stream
        int bytes; // bytes returned from read()

        // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs
        while (true) {
            try {
                // Read from the InputStream
                buffer = new byte[1024];
                bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                // Send the obtained bytes to the UI activity
                mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)
                        .sendToTarget();

            } catch (IOException e) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Call this from the main activity to send data to the remote device */
    public void write(byte[] bytes) {
        try {
            mmOutStream.write(bytes);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }

    /* Call this from the main activity to shutdown the connection */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
  }
}

我希望以下输出为:

class Cat
  def initialize(value)
     @value = value
  end

  def speak
     @value.pop()
     puts @value
  end
end

speak = ["Meow","Hiss","Chirp"]

cat = Cat.new(speak)
cat.speak
puts speak

class Dog
  def initialize(value)
     @value = value
  end

  def speak
     @value.sub!("Bark", "Woof")
     puts @value
  end
end

speak = "Bark!"

dog = Dog.new(speak)
dog.speak
puts speak

如果我提供Meow Hiss Meow Hiss Chirp Woof! Bark! ,但它并没有感受到Ruby&#39; esque

然而,我收到的输出是:

@value = value.dup

这是Ruby的预期行为吗?一个类是否应该能够修改参数创建者?我知道设置Meow Hiss Meow Hiss Woof! Woof! 会为@value = value@value返回相同的object_id,但是,如果我设置value则不应创建新对象而不是改变原始对象?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

是的,这是预期的行为。不,如果要分配新对象,则需要在对象上显式调用dupclone

@value = value.dup

了解Ruby文档中clone and dup之间的区别。