我是Java的新手,正在尝试学习活锁的概念。
我找到了一个很好的在线活锁的例子,丈夫和妻子正在尝试吃汤,但他们之间只有一把勺子。每个配偶都过于礼貌,如果另一个尚未吃掉,他们会通过勺子。
我的问题是,我们应该采取什么措施来克服一般情况下的活锁问题?在这个特定的例子中?我希望修改我的代码以演示问题的解决方案。
public class Livelock {
static class Spoon {
private Diner owner;
public Spoon(Diner d) { owner = d; }
public Diner getOwner() { return owner; }
public synchronized void setOwner(Diner d) { owner = d; }
public synchronized void use() {
System.out.printf("%s has eaten!", owner.name);
}
}
static class Diner {
private String name;
private boolean isHungry;
public Diner(String n) { name = n; isHungry = true; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public boolean isHungry() { return isHungry; }
public void eatWith(Spoon spoon, Diner spouse) {
while (isHungry) {
// Don't have the spoon, so wait patiently for spouse.
if (spoon.owner != this) {
try { Thread.sleep(1); }
catch(InterruptedException e) { continue; }
continue;
}
// If spouse is hungry, insist upon passing the spoon.
if (spouse.isHungry()) {
System.out.printf(
"%s: You eat first my darling %s!%n",
name, spouse.getName());
spoon.setOwner(spouse);
continue;
}
// Spouse wasn't hungry, so finally eat
spoon.use();
isHungry = false;
System.out.printf(
"%s: I am stuffed, my darling %s!%n",
name, spouse.getName());
spoon.setOwner(spouse);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Diner husband = new Diner("Bob");
final Diner wife = new Diner("Alice");
final Spoon s = new Spoon(husband);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() { husband.eatWith(s, wife); }
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() { wife.eatWith(s, husband); }
}).start();
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
一般来说,没有通用的解决方案。
如果未检测到进度,则线程必须停止重复相同的操作。
在你的例子中允许配偶不止一次吃(从而发现所爱的人没有吃过而且没有进展,因为只吃了一步)应该强迫勺子的主人吃。
显然,现实生活场景将更加精细,但检测零进展并采取与正常情况不同的行为至关重要。