Question

在Word / Excel中，您必须添加自定义属性。（见图） Custom Properties。正如你们可以看到的那样：＆＃34;属性：＆＃34;，你可以在那里添加你想要的任何信息。保存文件并转到文件夹中的文件位置时，可以右键单击 - ＆gt;属性，您有所有选项卡：常规/安全/详细信息/以前的版本。使用该功能添加选项卡Custom。

现在我希望通过编码获得此信息：Custom Properties information。然后将其提取到记事本中。到目前为止，我使用了SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;，但后来我只获得了详细信息选项卡中的信息。我做了一些研究，并看到了Shell32的一些可能性。但我想知道是否有可能在不安装其他DLL的情况下这样做？到目前为止，这是我的代码DSOfile.dll。

Shell32

提前致谢！

德苏

Answer 1

历史上，这些属性由称为“结构化存储”的技术定义。第一个结构化存储实现是古老的（但仍然非常活跃）Compound File Format

之后，Microsoft添加了结构化存储功能directly into NTFS。这允许您在任何文件（甚至.txt）文件上定义作者或标题等属性。虽然Explorer UI不允许你出于某种原因再这样做，但我认为它仍然可以通过编程方式工作。

然后，在Vista中，微软重启了所有这些，并引入了所有这一切的超集：Windows Property System。

不幸的是，框架中没有所有这些的.NET API。但微软创建了一个名为Windows API CodePack的开源.NET库。因此，提取属性的最简单方法是添加对WindowsAPICodePack Core NugetPackage的引用，您可以像这样使用它：

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    foreach (var prop in new ShellPropertyCollection(@"mypath\myfile"))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(prop.CanonicalName + "=" + prop.ValueAsObject);
    }
}

如果您不想添加额外的DLL，则可以从WindowsAPICodePack源（Windows API Code Pack: Where is it?）中提取ShellPropertyCollection代码。这是一项相当重要的工作但是可行。

在您的情况下，另一种解决方案是使用旧的Structure Storage本机API。我提供了一个这样做的样本。以下是如何使用它：

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    foreach (var prop in new StructuredStorage(@"mypath\myfile").Properties)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(prop.Name + "=" + prop.Value);
    }            
}

public sealed class StructuredStorage
{
    public static readonly Guid SummaryInformationFormatId = new Guid("{F29F85E0-4FF9-1068-AB91-08002B27B3D9}");
    public static readonly Guid DocSummaryInformationFormatId = new Guid("{D5CDD502-2E9C-101B-9397-08002B2CF9AE}");
    public static readonly Guid UserDefinedPropertiesId = new Guid("{D5CDD505-2E9C-101B-9397-08002B2CF9AE}");

    private List<StructuredProperty> _properties = new List<StructuredProperty>();

    public StructuredStorage(string filePath)
    {
        if (filePath == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("filePath");

        FilePath = filePath;
        IPropertySetStorage propertySetStorage;
        int hr = StgOpenStorageEx(FilePath, STGM.STGM_READ | STGM.STGM_SHARE_DENY_NONE | STGM.STGM_DIRECT_SWMR, STGFMT.STGFMT_ANY, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, typeof(IPropertySetStorage).GUID, out propertySetStorage);
        if (hr == STG_E_FILENOTFOUND || hr == STG_E_PATHNOTFOUND)
            throw new FileNotFoundException(null, FilePath);

        if (hr != 0)
            throw new Win32Exception(hr);

        try
        {
            LoadPropertySet(propertySetStorage, SummaryInformationFormatId);
            LoadPropertySet(propertySetStorage, DocSummaryInformationFormatId);
        }
        finally
        {
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(propertySetStorage);
        }

        // for some reason we can't read this one on the same COM ref?
        LoadProperties(UserDefinedPropertiesId);
    }

    public string FilePath { get; private set; }
    public IReadOnlyList<StructuredProperty> Properties
    {
        get
        {
            return _properties;
        }
    }

    private void LoadPropertySet(IPropertySetStorage propertySetStorage, Guid fmtid)
    {
        IPropertyStorage propertyStorage;
        int hr = propertySetStorage.Open(fmtid, STGM.STGM_READ | STGM.STGM_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE, out propertyStorage);
        if (hr == STG_E_FILENOTFOUND || hr == STG_E_ACCESSDENIED)
            return;

        if (hr != 0)
            throw new Win32Exception(hr);

        IEnumSTATPROPSTG es;
        propertyStorage.Enum(out es);
        if (es == null)
            return;

        try
        {
            var stg = new STATPROPSTG();
            int fetched;
            do
            {
                hr = es.Next(1, ref stg, out fetched);
                if (hr != 0 && hr != 1)
                    throw new Win32Exception(hr);

                if (fetched == 1)
                {
                    string name = GetPropertyName(fmtid, propertyStorage, stg);

                    var propsec = new PROPSPEC[1];
                    propsec[0] = new PROPSPEC();
                    propsec[0].ulKind = stg.lpwstrName != null ? PRSPEC.PRSPEC_LPWSTR : PRSPEC.PRSPEC_PROPID;
                    IntPtr lpwstr = IntPtr.Zero;
                    if (stg.lpwstrName != null)
                    {
                        lpwstr = Marshal.StringToCoTaskMemUni(stg.lpwstrName);
                        propsec[0].union.lpwstr = lpwstr;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        propsec[0].union.propid = stg.propid;
                    }

                    var vars = new PROPVARIANT[1];
                    vars[0] = new PROPVARIANT();
                    try
                    {
                        hr = propertyStorage.ReadMultiple(1, propsec, vars);
                        if (hr != 0)
                            throw new Win32Exception(hr);

                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        if (lpwstr != IntPtr.Zero)
                        {
                            Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(lpwstr);
                        }
                    }

                    object value;
                    try
                    {
                        switch (vars[0].vt)
                        {
                            case VARTYPE.VT_BOOL:
                                value = vars[0].union.boolVal != 0 ? true : false;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_BSTR:
                                value = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(vars[0].union.bstrVal);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_CY:
                                value = decimal.FromOACurrency(vars[0].union.cyVal);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_DATE:
                                value = DateTime.FromOADate(vars[0].union.date);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_DECIMAL:
                                IntPtr dec = IntPtr.Zero;
                                Marshal.StructureToPtr(vars[0], dec, false);
                                value = Marshal.PtrToStructure(dec, typeof(decimal));
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_DISPATCH:
                                value = Marshal.GetObjectForIUnknown(vars[0].union.pdispVal);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_ERROR:
                            case VARTYPE.VT_HRESULT:
                                value = vars[0].union.scode;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_FILETIME:
                                value = DateTime.FromFileTime(vars[0].union.filetime);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_I1:
                                value = vars[0].union.cVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_I2:
                                value = vars[0].union.iVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_I4:
                                value = vars[0].union.lVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_I8:
                                value = vars[0].union.hVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_INT:
                                value = vars[0].union.intVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_LPSTR:
                                value = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(vars[0].union.pszVal);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_LPWSTR:
                                value = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(vars[0].union.pwszVal);
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_R4:
                                value = vars[0].union.fltVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_R8:
                                value = vars[0].union.dblVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_UI1:
                                value = vars[0].union.bVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_UI2:
                                value = vars[0].union.uiVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_UI4:
                                value = vars[0].union.ulVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_UI8:
                                value = vars[0].union.uhVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_UINT:
                                value = vars[0].union.uintVal;
                                break;

                            case VARTYPE.VT_UNKNOWN:
                                value = Marshal.GetObjectForIUnknown(vars[0].union.punkVal);
                                break;

                            default:
                                value = null;
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        PropVariantClear(ref vars[0]);
                    }

                    var property = new StructuredProperty(fmtid, name, stg.propid);
                    property.Value = value;
                    _properties.Add(property);
                }
            }
            while (fetched == 1);
        }
        finally
        {
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(es);
        }
    }

    private static string GetPropertyName(Guid fmtid, IPropertyStorage propertyStorage, STATPROPSTG stg)
    {
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(stg.lpwstrName))
            return stg.lpwstrName;

        var propids = new int[1];
        propids[0] = stg.propid;
        var names = new string[1];
        names[0] = null;
        int hr = propertyStorage.ReadPropertyNames(1, propids, names);
        if (hr == 0)
            return names[0];

        return null;
    }

    public void LoadProperties(Guid formatId)
    {
        IPropertySetStorage propertySetStorage;
        int hr = StgOpenStorageEx(FilePath, STGM.STGM_READ | STGM.STGM_SHARE_DENY_NONE | STGM.STGM_DIRECT_SWMR, STGFMT.STGFMT_ANY, 0, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero, typeof(IPropertySetStorage).GUID, out propertySetStorage);
        if (hr == STG_E_FILENOTFOUND || hr == STG_E_PATHNOTFOUND)
            throw new FileNotFoundException(null, FilePath);

        if (hr != 0)
            throw new Win32Exception(hr);

        try
        {
            LoadPropertySet(propertySetStorage, formatId);
        }
        finally
        {
            Marshal.ReleaseComObject(propertySetStorage);
        }
    }

    private const int STG_E_FILENOTFOUND = unchecked((int)0x80030002);
    private const int STG_E_PATHNOTFOUND = unchecked((int)0x80030003);
    private const int STG_E_ACCESSDENIED = unchecked((int)0x80030005);

    private enum PRSPEC
    {
        PRSPEC_LPWSTR = 0,
        PRSPEC_PROPID = 1
    }

    private enum STGFMT
    {
        STGFMT_ANY = 4,
    }

    [Flags]
    private enum STGM
    {
        STGM_READ = 0x00000000,
        STGM_READWRITE = 0x00000002,
        STGM_SHARE_DENY_NONE = 0x00000040,
        STGM_SHARE_DENY_WRITE = 0x00000020,
        STGM_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE = 0x00000010,
        STGM_DIRECT_SWMR = 0x00400000
    }

    // we only define what we handle
    private enum VARTYPE : short
    {
        VT_I2 = 2,
        VT_I4 = 3,
        VT_R4 = 4,
        VT_R8 = 5,
        VT_CY = 6,
        VT_DATE = 7,
        VT_BSTR = 8,
        VT_DISPATCH = 9,
        VT_ERROR = 10,
        VT_BOOL = 11,
        VT_UNKNOWN = 13,
        VT_DECIMAL = 14,
        VT_I1 = 16,
        VT_UI1 = 17,
        VT_UI2 = 18,
        VT_UI4 = 19,
        VT_I8 = 20,
        VT_UI8 = 21,
        VT_INT = 22,
        VT_UINT = 23,
        VT_HRESULT = 25,
        VT_LPSTR = 30,
        VT_LPWSTR = 31,
        VT_FILETIME = 64,
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    private struct PROPVARIANTunion
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public sbyte cVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public byte bVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public short iVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public ushort uiVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public int lVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public uint ulVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public int intVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public uint uintVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public long hVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public ulong uhVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public float fltVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public double dblVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public short boolVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public int scode;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public long cyVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public double date;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public long filetime;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr bstrVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr pszVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr pwszVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr punkVal;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr pdispVal;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct PROPSPEC
    {
        public PRSPEC ulKind;
        public PROPSPECunion union;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    private struct PROPSPECunion
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public int propid;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public IntPtr lpwstr;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct PROPVARIANT
    {
        public VARTYPE vt;
        public ushort wReserved1;
        public ushort wReserved2;
        public ushort wReserved3;
        public PROPVARIANTunion union;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct STATPROPSTG
    {
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
        public string lpwstrName;
        public int propid;
        public VARTYPE vt;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    private struct STATPROPSETSTG
    {
        public Guid fmtid;
        public Guid clsid;
        public uint grfFlags;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME mtime;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ctime;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME atime;
        public uint dwOSVersion;
    }

    [DllImport("ole32.dll")]
    private static extern int StgOpenStorageEx([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pwcsName, STGM grfMode, STGFMT stgfmt, int grfAttrs, IntPtr pStgOptions, IntPtr reserved2, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid riid, out IPropertySetStorage ppObjectOpen);

    [DllImport("ole32.dll")]
    private static extern int PropVariantClear(ref PROPVARIANT pvar);

    [Guid("0000013B-0000-0000-C000-000000000046"), InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    private interface IEnumSTATPROPSETSTG
    {
        [PreserveSig]
        int Next(int celt, ref STATPROPSETSTG rgelt, out int pceltFetched);
        // rest ommited
    }

    [Guid("00000139-0000-0000-C000-000000000046"), InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    private interface IEnumSTATPROPSTG
    {
        [PreserveSig]
        int Next(int celt, ref STATPROPSTG rgelt, out int pceltFetched);
        // rest ommited
    }

    [Guid("00000138-0000-0000-C000-000000000046"), InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    private interface IPropertyStorage
    {
        [PreserveSig]
        int ReadMultiple(uint cpspec, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)] PROPSPEC[] rgpspec, [Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)] PROPVARIANT[] rgpropvar);
        [PreserveSig]
        int WriteMultiple(uint cpspec, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)]  PROPSPEC[] rgpspec, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)]  PROPVARIANT[] rgpropvar, uint propidNameFirst);
        [PreserveSig]
        int DeleteMultiple(uint cpspec, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)] PROPSPEC[] rgpspec);
        [PreserveSig]
        int ReadPropertyNames(uint cpropid, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, SizeParamIndex = 0)] int[] rgpropid, [Out, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, ArraySubType = UnmanagedType.LPWStr, SizeParamIndex = 0)] string[] rglpwstrName);
        [PreserveSig]
        int NotDeclared1();
        [PreserveSig]
        int NotDeclared2();
        [PreserveSig]
        int Commit(uint grfCommitFlags);
        [PreserveSig]
        int NotDeclared3();
        [PreserveSig]
        int Enum(out IEnumSTATPROPSTG ppenum);
        // rest ommited
    }

    [Guid("0000013A-0000-0000-C000-000000000046"), InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    private interface IPropertySetStorage
    {
        [PreserveSig]
        int Create([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid rfmtid, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid pclsid, uint grfFlags, STGM grfMode, out IPropertyStorage ppprstg);
        [PreserveSig]
        int Open([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid rfmtid, STGM grfMode, out IPropertyStorage ppprstg);
        [PreserveSig]
        int NotDeclared3();
        [PreserveSig]
        int Enum(out IEnumSTATPROPSETSTG ppenum);
    }
}

public sealed class StructuredProperty
{
    public StructuredProperty(Guid formatId, string name, int id)
    {
        FormatId = formatId;
        Name = name;
        Id = id;
    }

    public Guid FormatId { get; private set; }
    public string Name { get; private set; }
    public int Id { get; private set; }
    public object Value { get; set; }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return Name;
    }
}

Answer 2

您可以尝试NPOI引擎从不同的Office文件（doc，xls，xlsx，docx等）中提取属性。此组件没有任何第三方依赖项，您不需要Office来使用它。

但是，这个库有点棘手，因为您需要为不同类型的文件使用不同类型的属性提取器。可以在官方Git Hub存储库TestHPSFPropertiesExtractor中找到好的代码示例。

可以找到NuGet包here。

Answer 3

您可以使用一组名为NetOffice的NuGet包。每个Office应用程序都有一些软件包，还有一些核心程序集。获取NetOffice.Word和NetOffice.Excel并将其安装在您的解决方案中。 Codeplex site上有一些文档，但我必须浏览源代码才能真正理解发生了什么。这是一个示例程序：

using NetOffice.OfficeApi;
using System;

namespace Office_Doc_Reader
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var wordApp = new NetOffice.WordApi.Application())
            using (var excelApp = new NetOffice.ExcelApi.Application())
            {
                var doc = wordApp.Documents.Open("C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop\\test.docx");
                var xls = excelApp.Workbooks.Open("C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop\\test.xlsx");

                var customProperties = (DocumentProperties)doc.CustomDocumentProperties;

                foreach (var property in customProperties)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Name: {0}, Value: {1}, Type: {2}", property.Name, property.Value, property.Type));
                }

                customProperties = (DocumentProperties)xls.CustomDocumentProperties;

                foreach (var property in customProperties)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Name: {0}, Value: {1}, Type: {2}", property.Name, property.Value, property.Type));
                }
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

显示以下结果：

Name: Custom prop 1, Value: Text Value, Type: msoPropertyTypeString
Name: Custom prop 2, Value: 2/21/2016 12:00:00 AM, Type: msoPropertyTypeDate
Name: Custom prop 3, Value: 42, Type: msoPropertyTypeNumber
Name: Custom prop 4, Value: True, Type: msoPropertyTypeBoolean
Name: Foo, Value: abc, Type: msoPropertyTypeString
Name: Bar, Value: 1/1/1970 12:00:00 AM, Type: msoPropertyTypeDate
Name: Baz, Value: 3.14159, Type: msoPropertyTypeFloat
Name: Qux, Value: False, Type: msoPropertyTypeBoolean

对于具有以下属性的Word和Excel文件：

我根本没有这么多工作，所以我不能比这更深入。希望它有所帮助。

Answer 4

您可以使用Microsoft的OpenXml SDK。我相信它能够从word / excel文件中获取任何信息。看看https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/hh674468.aspx这个https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/bb448854.aspx 要么 http://openxmldeveloper.org/

Answer 5

可能有更通用的方法。如果您的来源是... x文件，则可以通过XML查询提取文档。如果您解压缩文件（例如7-Zip），则会在子文件夹docProps中找到名为custom.xml的文件。这些属性可以在XML文件中轻松找到

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<Properties xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/custom-properties" xmlns:vt="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/docPropsVTypes">
    <property fmtid="{D5CDD505-2E9C-101B-9397-08002B2CF9AE}" pid="2" name="SAPDOKNR">
        <vt:lpwstr>10002210058</vt:lpwstr>
    </property>
    ...

提取Windows文件属性（自定义属性）C＃

5 个答案: