我想知道如何将char []数组转换为char *
例如,在我的代码中,我尝试使用类似“example.com”的主机名访问Web服务器
使用我的代码,如果我将char *设置为“example.com”,如下所示,它可以很好地工作。
char *host = "example.com";
但是,我真正想做的是能够使用套接字从客户端程序读取,写入char []数组,并使用从中获取的数据作为主机名。
例如,
char buffer[4096], hostname[4096];
bzero(buffer, 4096);
n = read(newsockfd, buffer, 4095);
strcpy(hostname, buffer);
printf("Here is the hostname: %s\n", &hostname[0]);
int sockwb, wbport, x;
struct sockaddr_in webser_addr;
struct hostent *wbhost;
char webbuf[4096];//sending to webserver
wbport = 80;//port used to access web server
sockwb = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
wbhost = gethostbyname(hostname);
当我的代码到达最后一行时,它只是坐在那里,所以我在想它的打字问题,因为当我这样做时:
char *host = "example.com";
...
wbhost = gethostbyname(host);
它可以工作,并且能够从Web获取数据并将其正确发送到我的客户端程序。
任何想法都表示赞赏。
在客户端程序中,我使用fgets()从stdin读取char [],然后使用write()写入套接字以供服务器程序读取。我曾尝试使用strcat()在写入套接字之前将'\ 0'添加到char []的末尾,但这似乎没有做任何事情
完整代码:(请忽略评论,暂时尝试不同的事情) 客户端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, portnum, n;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
struct hostent *server;
char buffer[4096];
if(argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage %s hostname port\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
portnum = atoi(argv[2]);
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
{
perror("ERROR opening Socket");
exit(1);
}
server = gethostbyname(argv[1]);
if(sockfd == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR, no such host\n");
exit(1);
}
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
bcopy((char *)server->h_addr, (char *)&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr, server->h_length);
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR, on connecting");
exit(1);
}
printf("Please enter the Host name: ");
bzero(buffer, 4096);
fgets(buffer, 4095, stdin);
//strcat(buffer, "\0");
n = write(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer));
if(n < 0)
{
printf("Error writing to socket");
exit(1);
}
bzero(buffer, 4096);
n = read(sockfd,buffer, 4095);
if(n < 0)
{
printf("ERROR reading from socket");
exit(1);
}
printf("%s\n", buffer);
return 0;
}
服务器
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, newsockfd, portnum, clilen;
char buffer[4096], hostname[4096];
pid_t p_id;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
int n, pid, hostname_len;
//char *host;
char *host = "example.com";
if(argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR, NO PORT PROVIDED!\n");
exit(1);
}
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//socket is made
if(sockfd < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR opening socket!!");
exit(1);
}
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
portnum = atoi(argv[1]);//port num
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR on binding");
exit(1);
}
if( listen(sockfd, 5) < 0)
{
printf("ERROR ON LISTEN");
exit(1);
}
// accept
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
do{
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr, &clilen);
if(newsockfd < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR on accept\n");
exit(1);
}
pid = fork();
if(pid == 0)
{
bzero(buffer, 4096);
n = read(newsockfd, buffer, 4095);
if(n < 0)
{//message from client
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR Reading from socket\n");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(hostname, buffer);
printf("Here is the hostname: %s\n", &hostname[0]);
//variables used for acsessing webserver?
int sockwb, wbport, x;
struct sockaddr_in webser_addr;
struct hostent *wbhost;
char webbuf[4096];//sending to webserver
wbport = 80;//port used to access web server
sockwb = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockwb < 0)
{
printf("Error opeing websocket\n");
exit(1);
}
// hostname_len = sizeof(hostname) / sizeof(hostname[0]);
// printf("%d\n", hostname_len);
// memcpy(host, hostname, hostname_len);
// host[hostname_len] = '\0';
printf("%s\n", host);
// hostname[hostname_len] = '\0';
// host = &hostname[0];
//wbhost = gethostbyname(hostname);
wbhost = gethostbyname(host);
//printf("%s", wbhost->h_name);
printf("here2\n");
/*if(wbhost == NULL)
{
printf("NO SUCH web HOST\n");
exit(1);
}
*/
bzero((char*) &webser_addr, sizeof(webser_addr));
webser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
bcopy((char *)wbhost->h_addr, (char *)&webser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr, wbhost->h_length);
webser_addr.sin_port = htons(wbport);
// printf("here3\n");
if(connect(sockwb, (struct sockaddr *) &webser_addr,sizeof(webser_addr)) < 0)
{
printf("Error on web connecting\n");
exit(1);
}
bzero(webbuf, 4096);
strcpy(webbuf, "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: ");
// strcat(webbuf, hostname);
strcat(webbuf, host);
strcat(webbuf, "\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
// const char * request = "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: example.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
// printf("%s\n", request);
// x = write(sockwb, request, strlen(request));
printf("%s\n", webbuf);
x = write(sockwb, webbuf, strlen(webbuf));
if(x < 0)
{
printf("Error writing to web sock");
exit(1);
}
bzero(webbuf, 4096);
x = read(sockwb, webbuf, 4096);
if(n < 0)
{
printf("Error reading from web socket");
exit(1);
}
printf("%d\n", (int)strlen(webbuf));
printf("%s\n",webbuf);
n = write(newsockfd, webbuf, 4095 );//write back to client
if(n < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR WRITING to socket");
exit(1);
}
//printf("%s\n", webbuf);
}//end of if pid==0
printf("closing client");
close(newsockfd);//closing client socket
}while(1);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您发布的代码运行畅通无阻。当您寻求帮助时,您应该始终发布一个complete, verifiable示例。检查您发布的代码是否实际上重现了问题!
查看代码的作用,似乎在服务器中,您打算使用您读取的主机名作为ShowBalloonTip
的参数。你可以用
gethostbyname
或更简单
host = &hostname[0];
或者首先不使用两个单独的变量。
当您在需要值的上下文中使用数组时(而不是例如获取其地址或其host = hostname;
),数组会衰减为指向其第一个元素的指针。因此sizeof
相当于hostname
。
更改后,仔细检查跟踪,或者,为了使问题更加明显,请将跟踪线更改为
hostname[0]
你会看到
printf("[%s]\n", hostname);
客户端读取一行[aaa.com
]
,其中包含计数中的终止换行符。客户端尽职尽责地将整行转发给服务器。因此服务器查找包含换行符的主机名,该换行符不存在。你没有检查fgets
的返回代码(你应该!),它会返回一个空指针,程序在尝试从中读取时会崩溃。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
@Gilles是对的,你在主机名的末尾有一个'\ n',下面的一段代码将'\ n'替换为0,这相当于字符'\ 0':
extern int h_errno;
...
hostname[strlen(hostname) - 1] = 0;
wbhost = gethostbyname(hostname);
if (!wbhost) {
printf("Failed! %s\n", strerror(h_errno));
exit(1);
}
...
答案 2 :(得分:0)
将char[]
转换为char *
的最简单方法可能是:
char example_array[] = "example";
char * example_pointer = (char *)calloc(1, strlen(example_array) + 1); // + 1 for the '\0' character
strcpy(example_pointer, example_array);
答案 3 :(得分:0)
char[]
是一组字符。 char*
是指向char的指针 - 通常(但不总是)字符串的开头。
如果你想获得指向数组开头的指针,你甚至不需要做任何事情!这种转换是隐含的:
char hello[6] = {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};
// or: char hello[] = "hello"; (equivalent to above)
printf("%s", hello); // prints hello
puts(hello); // also prints hello
char *hello2 = hello;
puts(hello2); // also prints hello