模式搜索文件并替换找到的结果

时间:2016-02-08 22:50:45

标签: python regex file python-3.x

我试图编写一个简单的程序,在给定目录中打开文本文件,搜索与给定模式匹配的所有字符串,并在删除所有其他信息时将其替换为所需的字符串。我有两个.txt文件:

User_321.txt,其中包含:

321_AliceKelly001.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
321_AliceKelly002.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info] 
321_AliceKelly003.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 ...
321_AliceKelly125.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]

和User_205.txt包含:

 205_CarlCarlson001.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson002.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson_003.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson007.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]

我希望User_321.txt包含:

321_AliceKelly_001.jpg
321_AliceKelly_002.jpg 
321_AliceKelly_003.jpg
 ...
321_AliceKelly_125.jpg

和User_205.txt包含:

 205_CarlCarlson_001.jpg
 205_CarlCarlson_002.jpg
 205_CarlCarlson_003.jpg
 205_CarlCarlson_007.jpg

所以我只想添加" _"名称和后3位数字之间。我能够处理所有条目都是统一的情况,只包含以下形式的条目:

     \d\d\d_[a-zA-Z]\d\d\d.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]

使用以下代码:

import os, re,

path = 'C:\\Users\\ME\\Desktop\\TEST'
text_files = [filename for filename in os.listdir(path)]

desired_text = re.compile(r'\w+.jpg')
#desired_ending = re.compile(r'$[a-zA-Z]\d\d\d.jpg')

for i in range(len(text_files)):
    working_file = path + '\\' + text_files[i]
    fin = open(working_file, 'r')
    match = ''

    for line in fin:
        mo1 = desired_text.search(line)
        if mo1 != '':
            match += mo1.group()[:-7] + '_' + mo1.group()[-7:]+'\n'

    fin.close()

    fout = open(working_file, 'w')
    fout.write(match)
    fout.close()

我在第二种情况下遇到困难,就是当我有一个已经处于所需形式的条目时,例如:

 205_CarlCarlson_003.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info]
 205_CarlCarlson007.jpg [size_info] [date_info] [geo_location_info] ... [other info].

我希望它跳过重命名已经处于所需形式的条目并继续其余的条目。

我查看了How to search and replace text in a file using Python?Cheap way to search a large text file for a string以及Search and replace a line in a file in Python。这些情况似乎与搜索特定字符串有关,并使用fileinput模块将其替换为另一个字符串。我想做类似的事情,但在搜索方面要灵活得多。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您可以使用parentheses for grouping and capturing

\b(\d{3}_[a-zA-Z]+)(\d{3}\.jpg)

并替换为\1_\2以在其间添加下划线。

  • \b匹配word boundary
  • 像样本表一样休息,分为两组。

See demo at regex101(Python代码生成器)

答案 1 :(得分:1)

我稍微修改了你的代码,处理了两种不同的情况,它似乎有效:

import os, re

path = 'C:\\Users\\ME\\Desktop\\TEST'
text_files = [filename for filename in os.listdir(path)]

desired_text1 = re.compile(r'^\d{3}_[a-zA-Z]+\d{3}.jpg')
desired_text2 = re.compile(r'^\d{3}_[a-zA-Z]+_\d{3}.jpg')

for i in range(len(text_files)):
    working_file = path + '\\' + text_files[i]
    fin = open(working_file, 'r')
    match = ''

    for line in fin:
        mo1 = desired_text1.search(line)
        mo2 = desired_text2.search(line)
        if mo1:
            match += mo1.group()[:-7] + '_' + mo1.group()[-7:]+'\n'
        elif mo2:
            match += mo2.group() +'\n'

    fin.close()

    fout = open(working_file, 'w')
    fout.write(match)
    fout.close()

答案 2 :(得分:0)

你可以这样做:

with open('source.txt') as f:
    with open('destination.txt', 'w') as g:
        for line in f:
            parts = line.split(None, 1)
            if parts[0][-8:-7] == '_':
                g.write(parts[0] + '\n')
            else:
                g.write(parts[0][:-7] + '_' + parts[0][-7:] + '\n')

如果您想要Windows换行序列,请随时将\n更改为\r\n