我有一个profile.php，它回应我想要的用户信息。在google上搜索并观看了一些教程之后，我陷入困境。我希望在我的网站上注册的每个用户都能获得一个配置文件（唯一），即每个人都可以访问。我计划使用的链接是example.com/user/id，其中“id”将替换为您要查看的用户个人资料的ID。
Register.php
// This if statement checks to determine whether the registration form has been submitted
// If it has, then the registration code is run, otherwise the form is displayed
if(!empty($_POST))
{
// Ensure that the user has entered a non-empty username
if(empty($_POST['username']))
{
// Note that die() is generally a terrible way of handling user errors
// like this. It is much better to display the error with the form
// and allow the user to correct their mistake. However, that is an
// exercise for you to implement yourself.
die("<div class='red'>Please enter a username.</div>");
}
// Ensure that the user has entered a non-empty password
if(empty($_POST['password']))
{
die("<div class='red'>Please enter a password.</div>");
}
// Make sure the user entered a valid E-Mail address
// filter_var is a useful PHP function for validating form input, see:
// http://us.php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php
// http://us.php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.php
if(!filter_var($_POST['email'], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))
{
die("<div class='red'>Invalid E-Mail Address</div>");
}
// We will use this SQL query to see whether the username entered by the
// user is already in use. A SELECT query is used to retrieve data from the database.
// :username is a special token, we will substitute a real value in its place when
// we execute the query.
$query = "
SELECT
1
FROM users
WHERE
username = :username
";
// This contains the definitions for any special tokens that we place in
// our SQL query. In this case, we are defining a value for the token
// :username. It is possible to insert $_POST['username'] directly into
// your $query string; however doing so is very insecure and opens your
// code up to SQL injection exploits. Using tokens prevents this.
// For more information on SQL injections, see Wikipedia:
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Injection
$query_params = array(
':username' => $_POST['username']
);
try
{
// These two statements run the query against your database table.
$stmt = $db->prepare($query);
$result = $stmt->execute($query_params);
}
catch(PDOException $ex)
{
// Note: On a production website, you should not output $ex->getMessage().
// It may provide an attacker with helpful information about your code.
die("<div class='red'>Failed to run query: </div>" . $ex->getMessage());
}
// The fetch() method returns an array representing the "next" row from
// the selected results, or false if there are no more rows to fetch.
$row = $stmt->fetch();
// If a row was returned, then we know a matching username was found in
// the database already and we should not allow the user to continue.
if($row)
{
die("<div class='red'>This username is already in use</div>");
}
// Now we perform the same type of check for the email address, in order
// to ensure that it is unique.
$query = "
SELECT
1
FROM users
WHERE
email = :email
";
$query_params = array(
':email' => $_POST['email']
);
try
{
$stmt = $db->prepare($query);
$result = $stmt->execute($query_params);
}
catch(PDOException $ex)
{
die("<div class='red'>Failed to run query: </div>" . $ex->getMessage());
}
$row = $stmt->fetch();
if($row)
{
die("<div class='red'>This email address is already registered</div>");
}
// An INSERT query is used to add new rows to a database table.
// Again, we are using special tokens (technically called parameters) to
// protect against SQL injection attacks.
$query = "
INSERT INTO users (
username,
password,
salt,
email
) VALUES (
:username,
:password,
:salt,
:email
)
";
// A salt is randomly generated here to protect again brute force attacks
// and rainbow table attacks. The following statement generates a hex
// representation of an 8 byte salt. Representing this in hex provides
// no additional security, but makes it easier for humans to read.
// For more information:
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_%28cryptography%29
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table
$salt = dechex(mt_rand(0, 2147483647)) . dechex(mt_rand(0, 2147483647));
// This hashes the password with the salt so that it can be stored securely
// in your database. The output of this next statement is a 64 byte hex
// string representing the 32 byte sha256 hash of the password. The original
// password cannot be recovered from the hash. For more information:
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function
$password = hash('sha256', $_POST['password'] . $salt);
// Next we hash the hash value 65536 more times. The purpose of this is to
// protect against brute force attacks. Now an attacker must compute the hash 65537
// times for each guess they make against a password, whereas if the password
// were hashed only once the attacker would have been able to make 65537 different
// guesses in the same amount of time instead of only one.
for($round = 0; $round < 65536; $round++)
{
$password = hash('sha256', $password . $salt);
}
// Here we prepare our tokens for insertion into the SQL query. We do not
// store the original password; only the hashed version of it. We do store
// the salt (in its plaintext form; this is not a security risk).
$query_params = array(
':username' => $_POST['username'],
':password' => $password,
':salt' => $salt,
':email' => $_POST['email']
);
try
{
// Execute the query to create the user
$stmt = $db->prepare($query);
$result = $stmt->execute($query_params);
}
catch(PDOException $ex)
{
// Note: On a production website, you should not output $ex->getMessage().
// It may provide an attacker with helpful information about your code.
die("<div class='red'>Failed to run query:</div> " . $ex->getMessage());
}
// This redirects the user back to the login page after they register
header("Location: /login");
// Calling die or exit after performing a redirect using the header function
// is critical. The rest of your PHP script will continue to execute and
// will be sent to the user if you do not die or exit.
die("Redirecting to /login");
}
?>
的login.php
<?php
// This variable will be used to re-display the user's username to them in the
// login form if they fail to enter the correct password. It is initialized here
// to an empty value, which will be shown if the user has not submitted the form.
$submitted_username = '';
// This if statement checks to determine whether the login form has been submitted
// If it has, then the login code is run, otherwise the form is displayed
if(!empty($_POST))
{
// This query retreives the user's information from the database using
// their username.
$query = "
SELECT
id,
username,
password,
salt,
email,
bio,
warnings,
clan,
timestamp,
title,
FROM users
WHERE
username = :username
";
// The parameter values
$query_params = array(
':username' => $_POST['username']
);
try
{
// Execute the query against the database
$stmt = $db->prepare($query);
$result = $stmt->execute($query_params);
}
catch(PDOException $ex)
{
// Note: On a production website, you should not output $ex->getMessage().
// It may provide an attacker with helpful information about your code.
die("<div class='red'>Failed to run query: </div>" . $ex->getMessage());
}
// This variable tells us whether the user has successfully logged in or not.
// We initialize it to false, assuming they have not.
// If we determine that they have entered the right details, then we switch it to true.
$login_ok = false;
// Retrieve the user data from the database. If $row is false, then the username
// they entered is not registered.
$row = $stmt->fetch();
if($row)
{
// Using the password submitted by the user and the salt stored in the database,
// we now check to see whether the passwords match by hashing the submitted password
// and comparing it to the hashed version already stored in the database.
$check_password = hash('sha256', $_POST['password'] . $row['salt']);
for($round = 0; $round < 65536; $round++)
{
$check_password = hash('sha256', $check_password . $row['salt']);
}
if($check_password === $row['password'])
{
// If they do, then we flip this to true
$login_ok = true;
}
}
// If the user logged in successfully, then we send them to the private members-only page
// Otherwise, we display a login failed message and show the login form again
if($login_ok)
{
// Here I am preparing to store the $row array into the $_SESSION by
// removing the salt and password values from it. Although $_SESSION is
// stored on the server-side, there is no reason to store sensitive values
// in it unless you have to. Thus, it is best practice to remove these
// sensitive values first.
unset($row['salt']);
unset($row['password']);
// This stores the user's data into the session at the index 'user'.
// We will check this index on the private members-only page to determine whether
// or not the user is logged in. We can also use it to retrieve
// the user's details.
$_SESSION['user'] = $row;
// Redirect the user to the private members-only page.
header("Location: /");
die("Redirecting to: /");
}
else
{
// Tell the user they failed
print("<div class='red'>Login Failed.</div>");
// Show them their username again so all they have to do is enter a new
// password. The use of htmlentities prevents XSS attacks. You should
// always use htmlentities on user submitted values before displaying them
// to any users (including the user that submitted them). For more information:
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSS_attack
$submitted_username = htmlentities($_POST['username'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
}
}
?>
Profile.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!--START HEAD-->
<?php include 'head.php'; ?>
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href="/profile.css"/>
<title><?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['username'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?>'s profile</title>
<!--END HEAD-->
</head>
<body>
<!--START BODY-->
<?php
// At the top of the page we check to see whether the user is logged in or not
if(empty($_SESSION['user']))
{
include'navigationbar.php';
} else {
include'navigationbar2.php';
}
?>
<!--MAIN CONTENT-->
<div class="movedown"></div>
<div class="content">
<!--MAIN PROFILE-->
<div class="username">
<?php if(empty($_SESSION['user']['clan'])){
print "";
}else{
print "[".htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['clan'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')."]";} ?>
<?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['username'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?>
<div class="fr">ID: <?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['id'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?></div></div>
<div class="spacing"></div>
<div class="fl">
<!--AVATAR-->
<div class="avatarback">
<div class="avatar"><img src="/profile/avatar/default.jpg" width="180px"/></div>
</div>
<!--TITLES / SIGNS-->
<div class="signs"><br/>
<div class="title"><div class="fl">Title: </div>
<div class="fr"><?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['title'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?> </div></div><!--TITLE-->
<div class="spacing"></div>
<div class="warnings"><div class="fl">Warnings: </div>
<div class="fr"><?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['warnings'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?> </div></div><!--WARNINGS-->
<div class="spacing"></div>
<div class="joined"><div class="fl">Joined: </div>
<div class="fr"><?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['timestamp'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?> </div></div><!--JOINED-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<!--BIO-->
<div class="bioback">
<?php if(empty($_SESSION['user']['bio'])){
print "This user has not set any bio yet...";
}else{
print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['bio'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');} ?>
</div>
<!--SETTINGS TAB-->
<div class="etc-back">
<div><a href="/messages">Message</a></div>
<div class="spacing2"></div>
<div><a href="/settings">Settings</a></div>
<div class="spacing2"></div>
<div><a href="/adminpanel">AdminPanel</a></div>
</div>
<br/>
<br/>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="email">
<div class="fl">E-mail:</div><div class="fr"><?php print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['email'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'); ?></div>
</div>
<div class="spacing"></div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="email">
<div class="fl">Website:</div><div class="fr"><?php print "<a href='". htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['website'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')."'>".htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['website'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')."</a>"; ?></div>
</div>
<div class="spacing"></div>
<div class="padding"></div>
<div class="email">
<div class="fl">Clan Page:</div><div class="fr"><?php if(empty($_SESSION['user']['clanpage'])){
print "No Clan Page Found!";
}else{
print htmlentities($_SESSION['user']['clanpage'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');} ?></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>