员工表:
+--------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+--------------------+
| emp_id | fname | lname | start_date | end_date | superior_emp_id | dept_id | title | assigned_branch_id |
+--------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+--------------------+
| 1 | Michael | Smith | 2005-06-22 | NULL | NULL | 3 | President | 1 |
| 2 | Susan | Barker | 2006-09-12 | NULL | 1 | 3 | Vice President | 1 |
| 3 | Robert | Tyler | 2005-02-09 | NULL | 1 | 3 | Treasurer | 1 |
| 4 | Susan | Hawthorne | 2006-04-24 | NULL | 3 | 1 | Operations Manager | 1 |
| 5 | John | Gooding | 2007-11-14 | NULL | 4 | 2 | Loan Manager | 1 |
| 6 | Helen | Fleming | 2008-03-17 | NULL | 4 | 1 | Head Teller | 1 |
| 7 | Chris | Tucker | 2008-09-15 | NULL | 6 | 1 | Teller | 1 |
| 8 | Sarah | Parker | 2006-12-02 | NULL | 6 | 1 | Teller | 1 |
| 9 | Jane | Grossman | 2006-05-03 | NULL | 6 | 1 | Teller | 1 |
| 10 | Paula | Roberts | 2006-07-27 | NULL | 4 | 1 | Head Teller | 2 |
| 11 | Thomas | Ziegler | 2004-10-23 | NULL | 10 | 1 | Teller | 2 |
| 12 | Samantha | Jameson | 2007-01-08 | NULL | 10 | 1 | Teller | 2 |
| 13 | John | Blake | 2004-05-11 | NULL | 4 | 1 | Head Teller | 3 |
| 14 | Cindy | Mason | 2006-08-09 | NULL | 13 | 1 | Teller | 3 |
| 15 | Frank | Portman | 2007-04-01 | NULL | 13 | 1 | Teller | 3 |
| 16 | Theresa | Markham | 2005-03-15 | NULL | 4 | 1 | Head Teller | 4 |
| 17 | Beth | Fowler | 2006-06-29 | NULL | 16 | 1 | Teller | 4 |
| 18 | Rick | Tulman | 2006-12-12 | NULL | 16 | 1 | Teller | 4 |
+--------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+-----------------+---------+--------------------+--------------------+
查询:
SELECT emp_id, fname, lname, title
FROM employee
WHERE emp_id IN (SELECT superior_emp_id FROM employee);
查询结果:
+--------+---------+-----------+--------------------+
| emp_id | fname | lname | title |
+--------+---------+-----------+--------------------+
| 1 | Michael | Smith | President |
| 3 | Robert | Tyler | Treasurer |
| 4 | Susan | Hawthorne | Operations Manager |
| 6 | Helen | Fleming | Head Teller |
| 10 | Paula | Roberts | Head Teller |
| 13 | John | Blake | Head Teller |
| 16 | Theresa | Markham | Head Teller |
+--------+---------+-----------+--------------------+
子查询结果:
+-----------------+
| superior_emp_id |
+-----------------+
| NULL |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
| 4 |
| 6 |
| 6 |
| 6 |
| 10 |
| 10 |
| 13 |
| 13 |
| 16 |
| 16 |
+-----------------+
如果子查询SELECT superior_emp_id FROM employee
为Michael Smith返回NULL,那么IN()
运算符在最终结果集中返回它是什么?我以为没有什么等于null。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
如果子查询
SELECT superior_emp_id FROM employee
为Michael Smith返回NULL,那么IN()运算符在最终结果集中返回它是什么?
简短回答,但事实并非如此。
子查询有效地返回每行的一整套superior_emp_ids [NULL, 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 4, 10, 10, 4, 13, 13, 4, 16, 16]
。
您的WHERE子句测试每个emp_id以查看它是否在此集合中。 IN基本上是一系列等于比较的OR'd。
迈克尔的emp_id为1并且返回了他的行,因为1 = NULL OR 1 = 1 ....
可以写为FALSE OR TRUE ....
,返回TRUE
。
假设NULL不等于任何内容(包括NULL)是正确的,因此WHERE NULL IN (NULL, 1, FALSE, ... anything you like ...)
将返回FALSE。但这不是你的例子中发生的事情。
N.B。为避免混淆,最好避免在IN子句的任何一侧使用NULL记录,如@Donal所引用的那样
答案 1 :(得分:1)
SELECT superior_emp_id FROM employee
返回[NULL, 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 13, 16]
。我在这里没有看到问题。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
查看SQL Server中的ANSI_NULLS设置。
Transact-SQL支持允许比较的扩展 运算符在与空值进行比较时返回TRUE或FALSE。 通过将ANSI_NULLS设置为OFF来激活此选项。当ANSI_NULLS是 OFF,ColumnA = NULL之类的比较在ColumnA时返回TRUE 当ColumnA包含某个值时,包含空值和FALSE 除了NULL。
取自here。
如果您不想要NULL值,则需要在子查询中添加WHERE子句。例如:
SELECT emp_id, fname, lname, title
FROM employee
WHERE emp_id IN (SELECT superior_emp_id FROM employee WHERE superior_emp_id IS NOT NULL);