Pythonic方式在内存中聚合对象属性的有效方式?

时间:2016-02-02 15:02:32

标签: python list aggregate

例如,我们有大量的对象列表:

class KeyStatisticEntry:
    def __init__(self, value=""):
        self.usedBytes = len(value)
        self.encoding = get_string_encoding(value)

    @property
    def total(self):
        overhead = get_object_overhead(self.usedBytes)
        if self.encoding == 'some value':
            return overhead
        else:
            return self.usedBytes + overhead
    @property
    def aligned(self):
        return some_func_with(self.usedBytes)

    # Here is lots of calculated properties on basis of existing properties

我们需要关注这个对象的许多矩阵 - 它的属性的最小值,最大值,总和,平均值,stdev值。目前我使用这样的代码:

used_bytes = [] 
total_bytes = []
aligned_bytes = []
encodings = []

for obj in keys.items():
    used_bytes.append(obj.usedBytes)
    total_bytes.append(obj.total)
    aligned_bytes.append(obj.aligned)
    encodings.append(obj.encoding)

total_elements = len(used_bytes)
used_user = sum(used_bytes)
used_real = sum(total_bytes)
aligned = sum(aligned_bytes)
mean = statistics.mean(used_bytes)

问题:

这是更加“pythonic”的方式,具有更好的性能和内存使用吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您可以使用operator.attrgetter来获取对象的多个属性,然后使用itertools.zip_longest(python 2.X中的itertools.izip_longest)将相关属性附加到一起。

form operator import attrgetter
all_result = [attrgetter('usedBytes','total','aligned','encoding')(obj) for obj in keys.items()]

或者使用生成器表达式来创建生成器而不是列表:

all_result = (attrgetter('usedBytes','total','aligned','encoding')(obj) for obj in keys.items())

然后使用zip_longest

used_bytes, total_bytes, aligned_bytes, encodings = zip_longest(*all_results)

然后使用map函数将sum函数应用于您需要这些总和的交互项:

used_user, used_real, aligned = map(sum,(used_bytes, total_bytes, aligned_bytes))

分别针对lenmean

total_elements = len(used_bytes)
mean = statistics.mean(used_bytes)

如果您想将所有子列表作为生成器处理(在内存使用方面更优化,运行时性能更低),您可以使用新类来分别使用生成器计算所需的结果:

from itertools import tee
class Aggreegator:
    def __init__(self, all_obj):
        self.obj = all_obj
        self.used_user, self.mean = self.getTotalBytesAndMean()
        self.total_elements = len(self.all_obj)
        self.aligned = self.getEligned()

    def getTotalBytesAndMean(self):
        iter_1, iter_2 = tee((obj.usedBytes for obj in self.all_obj))
        return sum(iter_1), statistics.mean(iter_2)

    def getTotal(self):
        return sum(obj.total for obj in self.all_obj)

    def getEligned(self):
        return sum(obj.aligned for obj in self.all_obj)

    def getEncoding(self):
        return (obj.encoding for obj in self.all_obj)

然后你可以这样做:

Agg = Aggreegator(keys.items())

# And simply access to attributes
Agg.used_user

答案 1 :(得分:0)

有一种更好的内存使用方法,使用(隐式)生成器而不是列表来获取所有信息。如果您在同一个列表上进行多次计算(例如usedBytes),我不确定它会更好。但请注意,您不能在生成器上使用len(但长度将是输入列表的长度):

total_elements = len(keys.items())
used_user = sum(obj.usedBytes for obj in keys.items())
used_real = sum(obj.total for obj in keys.items())
aligned = sum(obj.aligned for obj in keys.items())
mean = statistics.mean(obj.usedBytes for obj in keys.items())