目前我们在PHP中使用以下命令在我们的应用程序中将字符集设置为UTF-8。
由于这有点开销,我们想将其设置为MySQL中的默认设置。我们可以在/etc/my.cnf或其他地方这样做吗?
SET NAMES 'utf8'
SET CHARACTER SET utf8
我在/etc/my.cnf中找了一个默认字符集,但是没有关于字符集的内容。
此时,我做了以下操作将MySQL字符集和校对变量设置为UTF-8:
skip-character-set-client-handshake
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
这是处理此问题的正确方法吗?
答案 0 :(得分:403)
要将默认值设置为UTF-8,您需要将以下内容添加到my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
如果您想更改现有数据库的字符集,请告诉我...您的问题没有直接指定,所以我不确定这是否是您想要做的。
答案 1 :(得分:244)
对于最新版本的MySQL,
default-character-set = utf8
导致问题。我认为它已被弃用了。
正如Justin Ball在“Upgrade to MySQL 5.5.12 and now MySQL won’t start中所说,你应该:
删除该指令,你应该很好。
然后您的配置文件(例如'/etc/my.cnf')应如下所示:
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
重启MySQL。
为确保您的MySQL是UTF-8,请在MySQL提示符下运行以下查询:
首先查询:
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
输出应如下所示:
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/|
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
第二个查询:
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
查询输出为:
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
答案 2 :(得分:54)
在MySQL 5.5上我有my.cnf
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
结果是
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
答案 3 :(得分:49)
这个问题已经有了很多答案,但是Mathias Bynens提到了这个问题' utf8mb4'应该用'而不是'utf8'为了获得更好的UTF-8支持(' utf8'不支持4字节字符,字段为truncated on insert)。我认为这是一个重要的区别。所以这是关于如何设置默认字符集和排序规则的另一个答案。一个允许你插入一堆poo()。
这适用于MySQL 5.5.35。
请注意,某些设置可能是可选的。由于我并不完全确定我没有忘记任何事情,我将把这个答案作为一个社区维基。
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%'; SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#
# UTF-8 should be used instead of Latin1. Obviously.
# NOTE "utf8" in MySQL is NOT full UTF-8: http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/mysql-utf8mb4
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%'; SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
character_set_system is always utf8。
这不会影响现有表格,它只是默认设置(用于新表格)。 以下ALTER code可用于转换现有表(不使用转储还原解决方法):
ALTER DATABASE databasename CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
ALTER TABLE tablename CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
编辑:
在MySQL 5.0服务器上:character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_results,collation_connection保留在latin1。发布SET NAMES utf8
(该版本不提供utf8mb4)也将这些设置为utf8。
<强>买者强>:
如果您的utf8表的索引列的类型为VARCHAR(255),则在某些情况下无法转换,因为超出了最大密钥长度(Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes.
)。如果可能,将列大小从255减小到191(因为191 * 4 = 764&lt; 767&lt; 192 * 4 = 768)。之后,表格可以转换。
答案 4 :(得分:26)
<强> 注意:的强>
my.cnf文件位于/etc/mysql/
添加以下行后:
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
skip-character-set-client-handshake
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
别忘了重启服务器:
sudo service mysql restart
答案 5 :(得分:23)
NijaCat很接近,但指定过度杀伤:
要将默认值设置为UTF-8,您需要将以下内容添加到my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8
然后,验证:
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
答案 6 :(得分:23)
我还发现,在default-character-set = utf8
标题下设置[mysqld]
之后,MySQL 5.5.x将无法在Ubuntu 12.04(精确穿山甲)下开始。
答案 7 :(得分:21)
MySQL v5.5.3及更高版本:
只在[mysqld]部分添加三行:
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
注意:此处包括skip-character-set-client-handshake
,无需在init-connect
中[mysqld]
和default-character-set
中包含[client]
, [mysql]
部分。
答案 8 :(得分:9)
在Xubuntu 12.04下我简单地添加了
[mysqld]
character_set_server = utf8
到/etc/mysql/my.cnf
结果是
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
另请查看http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-server.html
答案 9 :(得分:9)
此处列出的所有设置都是正确的,但这是最佳且最充分的解决方案:
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
将这些内容添加到/etc/mysql/my.cnf
。
请注意,由于性能问题,我选择了 utf8_unicode_ci 排序规则类型。
结果是:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
这是您以非超级用户连接的时候!
例如,作为SUPER和非SUPER用户的连接之间的区别(当然在 utf8_unicode_ci 整理的情况下):
用户 SUPER 版权所有:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | <---
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
用户非超级 priv。:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
我写了一篇comprehensive article(rus)详细解释为什么你应该使用一个或另一个选项。所有类型的字符集和排序规则都被视为:服务器,数据库,连接,表格甚至列。
我希望这篇文章有助于澄清不明确的时刻。
答案 10 :(得分:5)
指令已更改为character-set-system=utf8
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-configuration.html
答案 11 :(得分:4)
在进行配置时,MySQL版本和Linux发行版可能很重要。
但是,鼓励[mysqld]
部分下的更改。
我想简单解释一下tomazzlender的答案:
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
[mysqld]
这会将collation_connection更改为utf8_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
使用SET NAMES
:
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
SET NAMES会影响三个字符,即:
character_set_client
character_set_results
character_set_connection
这将设置character_set_database & character_set_server
character-set-server=utf8
这只会影响collation_database&amp; collation_server的
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
对不起,我不太确定这是为了什么。但是,我没有使用它:
skip-character-set-client-handshake
答案 12 :(得分:4)
在Fedora 21上
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
添加以下内容:
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
保存并退出。
最后请记住使用service mysqld restart
重启服务mysqld。
答案 13 :(得分:1)
MySQL 5.5,您只需要:
[mysqld]
character_set_client=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
collation_server=utf8_unicode_ci
collation_server
是可选的。
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
答案 14 :(得分:1)
如果您对客户端的设置感到困惑,则在重启mysql服务后重置conn。尝试这些步骤(对我有用):
vi /etc/my.cnf
:wq
[client]
character-sets-dir=/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets
status;
,你就可以找到客户端的字符集&#39;和&#39; conn&#39;设置为&#39; utf8&#39;。查看reference了解详情。
答案 15 :(得分:1)
如果您在使用MySQL Workbench确认客户端的字符集支持时遇到问题,请记住以下注意事项:
重要强> MySQL Workbench打开的所有连接都会自动设置客户端字符 设置为utf8。手动更改客户端字符集,例如使用SET NAMES ...,可能导致MySQL Workbench无法正确显示字符。对于 有关客户端字符集的其他信息,请参阅连接字符集 和整理。
因此我无法使用my.cnf更改覆盖MySQL Workbench的字符集。例如'set names utf8mb4'
答案 16 :(得分:0)
你可以按照它的方式去做,如果它不起作用,你需要重新启动mysql。
答案 17 :(得分:-1)
更改MySQL字符:
default-character-set=utf8
character_set_server=utf8
我们不应该在mysqld中写default-character-set=utf8
,因为这可能会导致如下错误:
开始:作业无法启动
最后:
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+