Question

我正在尝试连接到需要登录的网站（下面的源代码），然后浏览它以下载一些文件。我已经设法使用此代码在另一个网站上执行此操作：

public void initConnection(String _path, Map<String,String> _parameters) throws IOException {

    String data = convertMapToParams(_parameters);

    // Send data
    URL url = new URL(host + "/" + _path);
    URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
    conn.setDoOutput(true);

    OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
    wr.write(data);
    wr.flush();
    wr.close();

    sessionCookie = conn.getHeaderField("Set-Cookie");
    sessionCookie = sessionCookie.substring(0,sessionCookie.indexOf(";"));
}
public List<String> getHtml(String _path, Map<String, String> _parameters) throws IOException {

    String data = convertMapToParams(_parameters);

    URL url = new URL(host + "/" + _path);
    HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    conn.setDoOutput(true);

    conn.setRequestProperty("Cookie", sessionCookie);

    OutputStreamWriter wr = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
    wr.write(data);
    wr.flush();
    wr.close();

    List<String> list = new LinkedList<String>();

    BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
    String line;
    while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) {
        list.add(line);
    }

    rd.close();

    return list;
}

问题是在这个网站上，当我这样做时：

sessionCookie = conn.getHeaderField("Set-Cookie");

我得到sessionCookie ==“null”，所以我无法获得任何cookie来保持会话打开。如果我从conn变量中获取头文件以检查其中是否有任何cookie字段，我会得到它（来自IntelliJ IDEA调试器）：

[0] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2085}"null=[HTTP/1.1 200 OK]"
[1] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2093}"X-AspNet-Version=[2.0.50727]"
[2] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2102}"Date=[Wed, 18 Aug 2010 07:32:37 GMT]"
[3] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2111}"Content-Length=[3686]"
[4] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2120}"Content-Type=[text/html; charset=utf-8]"
[5] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2129}"Server=[Microsoft-IIS/6.0]"
[6] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2138}"X-Powered-By=[ASP.NET]"
[7] = {java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntry@2147}"Cache-Control=[private]"

但是使用Firefox插件“HttpFox”检查是否有cookie，我发现有：

(Request-Line)  POST /companias/entrada.aspx HTTP/1.1
User-Agent  Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; es-ES; rv:1.9.2.8) Gecko/20100722 Firefox/3.6.8
Accept  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/;q=0.8
Accept-Language es-es,es;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset  ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive  115
Connection  keep-alive
Cookie  __utma=235757843.1141928071.1280949246.1282083861.1282114987.11; __utmz=235757843.1280949246.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utmc=235757843
Content-Type    application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length  381

让我感到困惑的另一件事是源代码“__VIEWSTATE”，“__ EVENTVALIDATION”，“__ EVENTTARGET”，“__ LASTFOCUS”和“__EVENTARGUMENT”中的这些字段。因为我一直在搜索有关它们的信息，如果我理解正确，你可以使用VIEWSTATE来控制用户的会话，但我不知道它是如何工作的。

所以，简而言之，在另一个网站上，我使用那个简单的“getheaderField（”Set-Cookie“）来获取cookie并保持会话活着，但现在我不知道该网站是使用cookie还是如果没有，我也不知道cookie是否可行，或者我必须使用此VIEWSTATE字段来执行此操作。

我对Java不是很有经验而且对连接事项的了解较少，我建议在这里使用Apache HttpClient来解决这个问题，但我现在有很多混合的东西我现在第一次需要知道如何使用这个网站。

最后，这是本网站源代码的一部分：

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >

    <head><title>
    Steps Peritaciones S.L.
</title><link href="../Styles/general.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
        <style type="text/css">
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <form name="form1" method="post" action="entrada.aspx" onsubmit="javascript:return WebForm_OnSubmit();" id="form1">

<div>
<input type="hidden" name="__LASTFOCUS" id="__LASTFOCUS" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="/wEPDwUJODcxMzI1MDYzZBgBBR5fX0NvbnRyb2xzUmVxdWlyZVBvc3RCYWNrS2V5X18WAQUbTG9naW5TdGVwcyRMb2dpbkltYWdlQnV0dG9udl7bDlN22j9J5Z5UXZi+FLbU6hk=" />
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
var theForm = document.forms['form1'];
if (!theForm) {
    theForm = document.form1;
}
function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) {
    if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) {
        theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget;
        theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument;
        theForm.submit();
    }
}
//]]>
</script>

<div>

    <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="/wEWBAKZ/NOFAgK6jd26DgKovcvMBwKV8YLlBGCk0AytR6jZVZxOJwJ59H/uIN21" />
</div>
            <div class="logoEntrada">
                <img src="../images/logo_steps_p.gif" alt="Steps Peritaciones S.L." />
            </div>
            <div class="LoginForm" >
                <br />
                <br />
                <span id="Label1" class="TitolEntrada">Acceso Compañias</span>

                <br />
            </div>
            <div class="LoginForm">
                <center>
                    <table class="LoginBox" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="0" id="LoginSteps" style="background-color:#E3EAEB;border-color:#E6E2D8;border-width:1px;border-style:Solid;border-collapse:collapse;">
    <tr>
        <td><table cellpadding="0" border="0" style="color:#333333;font-family:Verdana;font-size:1em;width:234px;">
            <tr>
                <td align="center" style="color:White;background-color:#1C5E55;font-size:1em;font-weight:bold;">Entrada</td>

            </tr><tr>
                <td><label for="LoginSteps_UserName">Usuario:</label></td>
            </tr><tr>
                <td><input name="LoginSteps$UserName" type="text" id="LoginSteps_UserName" style="font-size:1em;width:171px;" /><span id="LoginSteps_UserNameRequired" title="El nombre de usuario es obligatorio." style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">*</span></td>
            </tr><tr>
                <td><label for="LoginSteps_Password">Contraseña:</label></td>
            </tr><tr>

                <td><input name="LoginSteps$Password" type="password" id="LoginSteps_Password" style="font-size:1em;width:171px;" /><span id="LoginSteps_PasswordRequired" title="La contraseña es obligatoria." style="color:Red;visibility:hidden;">*</span></td>
            </tr><tr>
                <td align="right"><input type="submit" name="LoginSteps$LoginButton" value="Entrar" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;LoginSteps$LoginButton&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;LoginSteps&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, false))" id="LoginSteps_LoginButton" style="color:#1C5E55;background-color:White;border-color:#C5BBAF;border-width:1px;border-style:Solid;font-family:Verdana;font-size:1em;" /></td>
            </tr>
        </table></td>
    </tr>
</table>
                </center>
            </div>



<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
var LoginSteps_UserNameRequired = document.all ? document.all["LoginSteps_UserNameRequired"] : document.getElementById("LoginSteps_UserNameRequired");
LoginSteps_UserNameRequired.controltovalidate = "LoginSteps_UserName";
LoginSteps_UserNameRequired.errormessage = "El nombre de usuario es obligatorio.";
LoginSteps_UserNameRequired.validationGroup = "LoginSteps";
LoginSteps_UserNameRequired.evaluationfunction = "RequiredFieldValidatorEvaluateIsValid";
LoginSteps_UserNameRequired.initialvalue = "";
var LoginSteps_PasswordRequired = document.all ? document.all["LoginSteps_PasswordRequired"] : document.getElementById("LoginSteps_PasswordRequired");
LoginSteps_PasswordRequired.controltovalidate = "LoginSteps_Password";
LoginSteps_PasswordRequired.errormessage = "La contraseña es obligatoria.";
LoginSteps_PasswordRequired.validationGroup = "LoginSteps";
LoginSteps_PasswordRequired.evaluationfunction = "RequiredFieldValidatorEvaluateIsValid";
LoginSteps_PasswordRequired.initialvalue = "";
//]]>
</script>


<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[

var Page_ValidationActive = false;
if (typeof(ValidatorOnLoad) == "function") {
    ValidatorOnLoad();
}

function ValidatorOnSubmit() {
    if (Page_ValidationActive) {
        return ValidatorCommonOnSubmit();
    }
    else {
        return true;
    }
}
        WebForm_AutoFocus('LoginSteps');Sys.Application.initialize();

document.getElementById('LoginSteps_UserNameRequired').dispose = function() {
    Array.remove(Page_Validators, document.getElementById('LoginSteps_UserNameRequired'));
}

document.getElementById('LoginSteps_PasswordRequired').dispose = function() {
    Array.remove(Page_Validators, document.getElementById('LoginSteps_PasswordRequired'));
}
//]]>

谢谢，我希望一篇文章中的代码不是太多：S

P.D。：这个网站属于我的工作，我已经授权访问它们，所以它不是任何黑客攻击的东西，我只想自动化这个过程并在我学习的过程中学习

Answer 1

OMG，你手动完成这一切吗？我建议您改为使用HtmlUnit，因为它允许您使用虚拟Web客户端及其所有功能，以及更高级别的API，使您可以专注于网站交互，而不是手动打开流。< / p>

Answer 2

或者您可以使用HttpClient

这是相同的教程：

http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.0.1/tutorial/html/

检查以下与Cookie相关的信息（州管理）：

http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-4.0.1/tutorial/html/statemgmt.html

连接到网站并保持会话？

2 个答案: