如何在Haskell中控制流程

时间:2016-01-28 00:44:23

标签: haskell monads control-flow either

我将举例说明我想立即做些什么。

version1 :: IO ()
version1 =
  if boolCheck
     then case maybeCheck of
            Nothing -> putStrLn "Error: simple maybe failed"
            Just v  -> case eitherCheck of
                         Left  e -> putStrLn $ "Error: " ++ show e
                         Right w -> monadicBoolCheck v >>= \case
                                      False -> putStrLn "Error: monadic bool check failed"
                                      True  -> print "successfully doing the thing"
    else putStrLn "simple bool check failed"

基本上我想在一些检查结果为正的情况下“做一件事”。 每当一次检查结果为否定时,我想保留有关违规检查的信息并中止任务。 在现实生活中,这些检查有不同的类型,因此我称之为

boolCheck        :: Bool
maybeCheck       :: Maybe a
eitherCheck      :: Show a => Either a b
monadicBoolCheck :: Monad m => m Bool

这些只是一些例子。 随意想到monadic Maybe,EitherT或单个列表,我提取head并且当它不是单身时失败。

现在我正在尝试改进上面的实现,而Either monad进入我的脑海,因为它有一个错误消息中止的概念。

version2 :: IO ()
version2 = do
  result <- runEitherT $ do
    if boolCheck
       then pure ()
       else left "simple bool check failed"
    v <- case maybeCheck of
           Just x  -> pure x
           Nothing -> left "simple maybe check failed"
    w <- hoistEither . mapLeft show $ eitherCheck
    monadicBoolCheck v >>= \case
      True  -> pure ()
      False -> left  "monadic bool check failed"
  case result of
    Left  msg -> putStrLn $ "Error: " ++ msg
    Right _   -> print "successfully doing the thing"

虽然我更喜欢version2,但可读性的提高可能是微不足道的。 在添加进一步检查时,Version2更胜一筹。

最终有这种方法吗?

我不喜欢的事情:

1)我部分地滥用了Either monad,而我实际上做的更像是Maybe monad,其中JustNothing的卷在monadic中切换结合

2)将支票转换为Either需要使用case或转换功能(如hoistEither)。

提高可读性的方法可能是:

1)定义辅助函数以允许像

这样的代码
v <- myMaybePairToEither "This check failed" monadicMaybePairCheck

monadicMaybePairCheck :: Monad m => m (Maybe x, y)
...
myMaybePairToEither :: String -> m (Maybe x, y) -> EitherT m e z
myMaybePairToEither _   (Just x, y)  = pure $ f x y
myMaybePairToEither msg (Nothing, _) = left msg

2)始终使用明确的案例,甚至不使用hoistEither

3)定义我自己的monad以阻止Either滥用......我可以提供所有转换功能(如果没有人已经做过类似的话)

4)尽可能使用maybeeither

5)......?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

使用maybeeithermtl包。通过by,eitherCheck :: Show a => Either a b的{​​{1}}约束可能不是你想要的:它允许调用者选择他们想要的任何类型,只要类型实现Show a。您可能打算让Show a成为一种类型,以便呼叫者只能 能够在值上调用a。大概!

show

答案 1 :(得分:3)

&#34;定义帮助函数&#34;正是我如何处理这个问题。 errors库已经提供了很多,可能除了满足<div class="exclude">函数之外。对于那些我会just use when/unless

当然,在可能的范围内,您应该宣传您所谓的适当多态的行为,以便不需要转换。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

因此,我可能首先将您的version2重新修改为类似

的内容
import Control.Monad.Trans
import Control.Monad.Trans.Either hiding (left, right)
import Control.Monad
import Control.Applicative
import Control.Arrow

version3 :: IO ()
version3 = eitherT onFailure onSuccess $ do
    guard boolCheck <|> fail "simple bool check failed"
    v <- hoistEither $ maybe (Left "simple maybe check failed") Right maybeCheck
    w <- hoistEither . left show $ eitherCheck
    lift (guard =<< monadicBoolCheck v) <|> fail "monadic boolcheck failed"
  where
    onFailure msg = putStrLn $ "Error: "++msg
    onSuccess _   = print "successfully doing the thing"

我发现它更具可读性,但仍然有点尴尬,所以如果我做了很多 像这样的代码,我会介绍一些帮助:

version4 :: IO ()
version4 = eitherT onFailure onSuccess $ do
    failUnless "simple bool check failed" boolCheck
    v <- hoistMaybe "simple maybe check failed" maybeCheck
    w <- hoistEitherWith show eitherCheck
    failUnless "monadic boolcheck failed" =<< lift (monadicBoolCheck v)
  where
    onFailure msg = putStrLn $ "Error: "++msg
    onSuccess _   = print "successfully doing the thing"

failUnless :: Monad m => String -> Bool -> m ()
failUnless _ True = return ()
failUnless msg _ = fail msg

hoistMaybe :: Monad m => e -> Maybe a -> EitherT e m a
hoistMaybe err = hoistEither . maybe (Left err) Right

hoistEitherWith :: Monad m => (e -> e') -> Either e a -> EitherT e' m a
hoistEitherWith f = hoistEither . left f

答案 3 :(得分:0)

为了获得全部可能的选项,请查看这个要点:

https://gist.github.com/rubenmoor/c390901247e4e7bb97cf

它定义了几个辅助函数,基本上将maybeeitherthrowError组合在一起。并得到这样的代码。

gauntlet :: MonadError Error m => m (a, b, c)
gauntlet = do
    assertTrue boolCheck $ Error "simple bool check failed"
    v <- assertJust maybeCheck $ Error "simple maybe check failed"
    assertNothing maybeCheck' $ Error . show
    w <- assertRight eitherCheck $ Error . show
    b <- monadicBoolCheck
    assertTrue b $ Error "monadic bool check failed"
    x <- assertSingletonList list $ Error "list not singleton"
    pure (v, w, x)

version3 :: IO ()
version3 = putStrLn $
  case gauntlet of
    Left  (Error e) -> "Error: " ++ e
    Right result    -> "successfully doing thing with result"