cmds
是要调用的命令列表。在我的情况下,我打电话给ls | grep c
。当我运行程序时,没有任何内容被打印出来。似乎grep
正在等待什么?
注意:如果我只使用ls
(通过execPipe(cmds,1)
),一切正常。
有什么问题?
int execPipe(char*** cmds,int len){
int i;
int pipefd[100][2];
for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
pipe(pipefd[i]);
i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < len; i++){
if (fork() == 0){
printf("executing #%d %s\n",i,cmds[i][0]);
//i=0: in=sdtin, out=1
//i=1: in=1,out=3
//i=2: in=3,out=5
//i=len in=len*2-1, out=sdtout
close(pipefd[i][0]);
if(i != 0){
dup2(pipefd[i-1][1],0); //read becomes the write of last one
}
if(i != len-1){
dup2(pipefd[i][1],1); //write becomes pipefd[i][1]
}
execvp(cmds[i][0],cmds[i]);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
close(pipefd[i][0]);
close(pipefd[i][1]);
wait(NULL);
}
return 0;
}
int main(){
char*** cmds = malloc(2*sizeof(char**));
cmds[0] = malloc(2*sizeof(char**));
cmds[0][0] = "ls";
cmds[0][1] = NULL;
cmds[1] = malloc(3*sizeof(char**));
cmds[1][0] = "grep";
cmds[1][1] = "c";
cmds[1][2] = NULL;
execPipe(cmds,2);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
此代码有效:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
static
int execPipe(char ***cmds, int len)
{
int i;
int pids[len];
int pipefd[len][2];
for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++)
pipe(pipefd[i]);
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int pid;
if ((pid = fork()) == 0)
{
printf("PID %d: executing #%d %s\n", (int)getpid(), i, cmds[i][0]);
if (i != 0)
{
dup2(pipefd[i - 1][0], 0); // JL: Fix
}
if (i != len - 1)
{
dup2(pipefd[i][1], 1); // write becomes pipefd[i][1]
}
for (int j = 0; j < len - 1; j++) // JL: Fix
{
close(pipefd[j][0]);
close(pipefd[j][1]);
}
execvp(cmds[i][0], cmds[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to execute command %s\n", cmds[i][0]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
else if (pid < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "failed to fork for %s\n", cmds[i][0]);
exit(1);
}
else
pids[i] = pid;
}
for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) // JL: Fix
{
close(pipefd[i][0]);
close(pipefd[i][1]);
}
int corpse;
int status;
int kids = len;
while (kids > 0 && (corpse = wait(&status)) > 0)
{
printf("PID %d died with status 0x%.4X\n", corpse, status);
for (i = 0; i < kids; i++)
{
if (pids[i] == corpse)
{
pids[i] = pids[kids-1];
kids--;
break;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
char ***cmds = malloc(2 * sizeof(char **));
cmds[0] = malloc(2 * sizeof(char **));
cmds[0][0] = "ls";
cmds[0][1] = NULL;
cmds[1] = malloc(3 * sizeof(char **));
cmds[1][0] = "grep";
cmds[1][1] = "c";
cmds[1][2] = NULL;
execPipe(cmds, 2);
return 0;
}
评论:
wait()
循环处理父进程有孩子的情况,这些子进程在孩子启动之前终止了 - 这是一个相当不寻常但非常不可能的情况。可能只是等到所有孩子都死了,但也许以前创建的孩子中的一个不会终止。循环等到所有已知的孩子都死了然后退出。您应该将此扩展到3个进程或更长的管道,并检查它是否有效。可能的管道包括:
who | awk '{print $1}' | sort
who | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c
who | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
注意:shell会删除单引号。