我正在尝试开发邮件路由应用。我已经阅读了正式的Rust文档和一些文章,并认为我得到了指针,拥有和借用的东西,但意识到我没有。
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::vec::Vec;
struct Component {
address: &'static str,
available_workers: i32,
lang: i32
}
struct Components {
data: HashMap<i32, Vec<Component>>
}
impl Components {
fn new() -> Components {
Components {data: HashMap::new() }
}
fn addOrUpdate(&mut self, component: Component) -> &Components {
if !self.data.contains_key(&component.lang) {
self.data.insert(component.lang, vec![component]);
} else {
let mut q = self.data.get(&component.lang); // this extra line is required because of the error: borrowed value does not live long enough
let mut queue = q.as_mut().unwrap();
queue.remove(0);
queue.push(component);
}
self
}
}
(也可在playground上找到)
产生错误:
error: cannot borrow immutable borrowed content `**queue` as mutable
--> src/main.rs:26:13
|
26 | queue.remove(0);
| ^^^^^ cannot borrow as mutable
error: cannot borrow immutable borrowed content `**queue` as mutable
--> src/main.rs:27:13
|
27 | queue.push(component);
| ^^^^^ cannot borrow as mutable
请您解释一下这个错误,如果能给我正确的实施,那将会很棒。
答案 0 :(得分:32)
以下是您问题的MCVE:
use std::collections::HashMap;
struct Components {
data: HashMap<u8, Vec<u8>>,
}
impl Components {
fn add_or_update(&mut self, component: u8) {
let mut q = self.data.get(&component);
let mut queue = q.as_mut().unwrap();
queue.remove(0);
}
}
在NLL之前
error[E0596]: cannot borrow immutable borrowed content `**queue` as mutable
--> src/lib.rs:11:9
|
11 | queue.remove(0);
| ^^^^^ cannot borrow as mutable
NLL之后
error[E0596]: cannot borrow `**queue` as mutable, as it is behind a `&` reference
--> src/lib.rs:11:9
|
11 | queue.remove(0);
| ^^^^^ cannot borrow as mutable
很多时候,当这样的事情看起来令人惊讶时,它对print out the types involved很有用。我们打印出queue
:
let mut queue: () = q.as_mut().unwrap();
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> src/lib.rs:10:29
|
10 | let mut queue: () = q.as_mut().unwrap();
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected (), found mutable reference
|
= note: expected type `()`
found type `&mut &std::vec::Vec<u8>`
我们对不可变对Vec<u8>
的引用有 mutable 引用。因为我们对Vec
有一个不可变的引用,所以我们无法修改它!将self.data.get
更改为self.data.get_mut
会将类型更改为&mut &mut collections::vec::Vec<u8>
并编译代码。
如果您想实现“插入或更新”的概念,您应该查看entry
API,这样更有效,更简洁。
除此之外,Rust使用snake_case
进行方法命名,而不是camelCase
。