Angular 2自定义表单输入

时间:2016-01-22 14:24:53

标签: typescript angular

如何创建与原生<input>标记一样的自定义组件?我想让我的自定义表单控件能够支持ngControl,ngForm,[(ngModel)]。

据我所知,我需要实现一些接口来使我自己的表单控件像本机一样工作。

此外,似乎ngForm指令仅绑定<input>标记,这是正确的吗?我该如何处理?

让我解释为什么我需要这个。我想包装几个输入元素,使它们能够作为一个单独的输入一起工作。还有其他方法可以解决这个问题吗? 再一次:我想让这个控件像原生一样。验证,ngForm,ngModel双向绑定等。

ps:我使用的是Typescript。

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:80)

我不明白为什么我在互联网上找到的每个例子都必须如此复杂。在解释一个新概念时,我认为最简单的工作示例总是最好的。我把它简化了一下:

使用实现ngModel的组件的外部表单的HTML:

EmailExternal=<input [(ngModel)]="email">
<inputfield [(ngModel)]="email"></inputfield>

自包含组件(没有单独的“访问者”类 - 也许我错过了这一点):

import {Component, Provider, forwardRef, Input} from "@angular/core";
import {ControlValueAccessor, NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR, CORE_DIRECTIVES} from "@angular/common";

const CUSTOM_INPUT_CONTROL_VALUE_ACCESSOR = new Provider(
  NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR, {
    useExisting: forwardRef(() => InputField),
    multi: true
  });

@Component({
  selector : 'inputfield',
  template: `<input [(ngModel)]="value">`,
  directives: [CORE_DIRECTIVES],
  providers: [CUSTOM_INPUT_CONTROL_VALUE_ACCESSOR]
})
export class InputField implements ControlValueAccessor {
  private _value: any = '';
  get value(): any { return this._value; };

  set value(v: any) {
    if (v !== this._value) {
      this._value = v;
      this.onChange(v);
    }
  }

    writeValue(value: any) {
      this._value = value;
      this.onChange(value);
    }

    onChange = (_) => {};
    onTouched = () => {};
    registerOnChange(fn: (_: any) => void): void { this.onChange = fn; }
    registerOnTouched(fn: () => void): void { this.onTouched = fn; }
}

事实上,我刚刚将所有这些内容抽象为一个抽象类,我现在使用ngModel扩展每个组件。对我来说,这是一大笔开销和样板代码,我可以不用。

编辑:这是:

import { forwardRef } from '@angular/core';
import { ControlValueAccessor, NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR } from '@angular/forms';

export abstract class AbstractValueAccessor implements ControlValueAccessor {
    _value: any = '';
    get value(): any { return this._value; };
    set value(v: any) {
      if (v !== this._value) {
        this._value = v;
        this.onChange(v);
      }
    }

    writeValue(value: any) {
      this._value = value;
      // warning: comment below if only want to emit on user intervention
      this.onChange(value);
    }

    onChange = (_) => {};
    onTouched = () => {};
    registerOnChange(fn: (_: any) => void): void { this.onChange = fn; }
    registerOnTouched(fn: () => void): void { this.onTouched = fn; }
}

export function MakeProvider(type : any){
  return {
    provide: NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR,
    useExisting: forwardRef(() => type),
    multi: true
  };
}

这是一个使用它的组件:(TS):

import {Component, Input} from "@angular/core";
import {CORE_DIRECTIVES} from "@angular/common";
import {AbstractValueAccessor, MakeProvider} from "../abstractValueAcessor";

@Component({
  selector : 'inputfield',
  template: require('./genericinput.component.ng2.html'),
  directives: [CORE_DIRECTIVES],
  providers: [MakeProvider(InputField)]
})
export class InputField extends AbstractValueAccessor {
  @Input('displaytext') displaytext: string;
  @Input('placeholder') placeholder: string;
}

HTML:

<div class="form-group">
  <label class="control-label" >{{displaytext}}</label>
  <input [(ngModel)]="value" type="text" placeholder="{{placeholder}}" class="form-control input-md">
</div>

答案 1 :(得分:76)

事实上,有两件事要实施:

  • 提供表单组件逻辑的组件。它没有输入,因为它将由ngModel本身提供
  • 自定义ControlValueAccessor,用于实现此组件与ngModel / ngControl之间的桥梁

我们来试试吧。我想实现一个管理公司标签列表的组件。该组件将允许添加和删除标签。我想添加一个验证,以确保标签列表不是空的。我将在我的组件中定义它,如下所述:

(...)
import {TagsComponent} from './app.tags.ngform';
import {TagsValueAccessor} from './app.tags.ngform.accessor';

function notEmpty(control) {
  if(control.value == null || control.value.length===0) {
    return {
      notEmpty: true
    }
  }

  return null;
}

@Component({
  selector: 'company-details',
  directives: [ FormFieldComponent, TagsComponent, TagsValueAccessor ],
  template: `
    <form [ngFormModel]="companyForm">
      Name: <input [(ngModel)]="company.name"
         [ngFormControl]="companyForm.controls.name"/>
      Tags: <tags [(ngModel)]="company.tags" 
         [ngFormControl]="companyForm.controls.tags"></tags>
    </form>
  `
})
export class DetailsComponent implements OnInit {
  constructor(_builder:FormBuilder) {
    this.company = new Company('companyid',
            'some name', [ 'tag1', 'tag2' ]);
    this.companyForm = _builder.group({
       name: ['', Validators.required],
       tags: ['', notEmpty]
    });
  }
}

TagsComponent组件定义了添加和删除tags列表中元素的逻辑。

@Component({
  selector: 'tags',
  template: `
    <div *ngIf="tags">
      <span *ngFor="#tag of tags" style="font-size:14px"
         class="label label-default" (click)="removeTag(tag)">
        {{label}} <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"
                        aria-  hidden="true"></span>
      </span>
      <span>&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span>
      <span style="display:inline-block;">
        <input [(ngModel)]="tagToAdd"
           style="width: 50px; font-size: 14px;" class="custom"/>
        <em class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok" aria-hidden="true" 
            (click)="addTag(tagToAdd)"></em>
      </span>
    </div>
  `
})
export class TagsComponent {
  @Output()
  tagsChange: EventEmitter;

  constructor() {
    this.tagsChange = new EventEmitter();
  }

  setValue(value) {
    this.tags = value;
  }

  removeLabel(tag:string) {
    var index = this.tags.indexOf(tag, 0);
    if (index != undefined) {
      this.tags.splice(index, 1);
      this.tagsChange.emit(this.tags);
    }
  }

  addLabel(label:string) {
    this.tags.push(this.tagToAdd);
    this.tagsChange.emit(this.tags);
    this.tagToAdd = '';
  }
}

正如您所看到的,此组件中没有输入,只有setValue个(这里的名称并不重要)。我们稍后使用它来提供ngModel到组件的值。该组件定义了在组件状态(标签列表)更新时通知的事件。

现在让我们实现此组件与ngModel / ngControl之间的链接。这对应于实现ControlValueAccessor接口的指令。必须针对NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR令牌为此值访问者定义提供者(不要忘记使用forwardRef,因为该指令是在之后定义的。)

该指令将在主机的tagsChange事件上附加一个事件监听器(即指令附加的组件,即TagsComponent)。事件发生时将调用onChange方法。此方法对应于Angular2注册的方法。通过这种方式,它将了解相关表单控件的更改和更新。

更新writeValue中绑定的值时,将调用ngForm。在注入附加的组件(即TagsComponent)之后,我们将能够调用它来传递此值(请参阅上一个setValue方法)。

不要忘记在指令的绑定中提供CUSTOM_VALUE_ACCESSOR

以下是自定义ControlValueAccessor的完整代码:

import {TagsComponent} from './app.tags.ngform';

const CUSTOM_VALUE_ACCESSOR = CONST_EXPR(new Provider(
  NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR, {useExisting: forwardRef(() => TagsValueAccessor), multi: true}));

@Directive({
  selector: 'tags',
  host: {'(tagsChange)': 'onChange($event)'},
  providers: [CUSTOM_VALUE_ACCESSOR]
})
export class TagsValueAccessor implements ControlValueAccessor {
  onChange = (_) => {};
  onTouched = () => {};

  constructor(private host: TagsComponent) { }

  writeValue(value: any): void {
    this.host.setValue(value);
  }

  registerOnChange(fn: (_: any) => void): void { this.onChange = fn; }
  registerOnTouched(fn: () => void): void { this.onTouched = fn; }
}

这样,当我删除公司的所有tags时,valid控件的companyForm.controls.tags属性会自动变为false

有关更多详细信息,请参阅此文章(与#34; NgModel兼容的组件&#34;部分):

答案 2 :(得分:17)

此链接中有RC5版本的示例:http://almerosteyn.com/2016/04/linkup-custom-control-to-ngcontrol-ngmodel

import { Component, forwardRef } from '@angular/core';
import { NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR, ControlValueAccessor } from '@angular/forms';

const noop = () => {
};

export const CUSTOM_INPUT_CONTROL_VALUE_ACCESSOR: any = {
    provide: NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR,
    useExisting: forwardRef(() => CustomInputComponent),
    multi: true
};

@Component({
    selector: 'custom-input',
    template: `<div class="form-group">
                    <label>
                        <ng-content></ng-content>
                        <input [(ngModel)]="value"
                                class="form-control"
                                (blur)="onBlur()" >
                    </label>
                </div>`,
    providers: [CUSTOM_INPUT_CONTROL_VALUE_ACCESSOR]
})
export class CustomInputComponent implements ControlValueAccessor {

    //The internal data model
    private innerValue: any = '';

    //Placeholders for the callbacks which are later providesd
    //by the Control Value Accessor
    private onTouchedCallback: () => void = noop;
    private onChangeCallback: (_: any) => void = noop;

    //get accessor
    get value(): any {
        return this.innerValue;
    };

    //set accessor including call the onchange callback
    set value(v: any) {
        if (v !== this.innerValue) {
            this.innerValue = v;
            this.onChangeCallback(v);
        }
    }

    //Set touched on blur
    onBlur() {
        this.onTouchedCallback();
    }

    //From ControlValueAccessor interface
    writeValue(value: any) {
        if (value !== this.innerValue) {
            this.innerValue = value;
        }
    }

    //From ControlValueAccessor interface
    registerOnChange(fn: any) {
        this.onChangeCallback = fn;
    }

    //From ControlValueAccessor interface
    registerOnTouched(fn: any) {
        this.onTouchedCallback = fn;
    }

}

然后我们可以按如下方式使用此自定义控件:

<form>
  <custom-input name="someValue"
                [(ngModel)]="dataModel">
    Enter data:
  </custom-input>
</form>

答案 3 :(得分:5)

蒂埃里的例子很有帮助。以下是TagsValueAccessor运行所需的导入...

import {Directive, Provider} from 'angular2/core';
import {ControlValueAccessor, NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR } from 'angular2/common';
import {CONST_EXPR} from 'angular2/src/facade/lang';
import {forwardRef} from 'angular2/src/core/di';

答案 4 :(得分:0)

您也可以使用@ViewChild指令解决此问题。这使父级可以完全访问注入子级的所有成员变量和函数。

请参阅:How to access input fields of injected form component

答案 5 :(得分:0)

我编写了一个有助于减少这种情况的模板库:s-ng-utils。其他一些答案给出了包装 single 表单控件的示例。使用s-ng-utils可以非常简单地使用WrappedFormControlSuperclass来完成:

@Component({
    template: `
      <!-- any fancy wrapping you want in the template -->
      <input [formControl]="formControl">
    `,
    providers: [provideValueAccessor(StringComponent)],
})
class StringComponent extends WrappedFormControlSuperclass<string> {
  // This looks unnecessary, but is required for Angular to provide `Injector`
  constructor(injector: Injector) {
    super(injector);
  }
}

在您的帖子中提到要将多个表单控件包装到单个组件中。这是一个使用FormControlSuperclass进行操作的完整示例。

import { Component, Injector } from "@angular/core";
import { FormControlSuperclass, provideValueAccessor } from "s-ng-utils";

interface Location {
  city: string;
  country: string;
}

@Component({
  selector: "app-location",
  template: `
    City:
    <input
      [ngModel]="location.city"
      (ngModelChange)="modifyLocation('city', $event)"
    />
    Country:
    <input
      [ngModel]="location.country"
      (ngModelChange)="modifyLocation('country', $event)"
    />
  `,
  providers: [provideValueAccessor(LocationComponent)],
})
export class LocationComponent extends FormControlSuperclass<Location> {
  location!: Location;

  // This looks unnecessary, but is required for Angular to provide `Injector`
  constructor(injector: Injector) {
    super(injector);
  }

  handleIncomingValue(value: Location) {
    this.location = value;
  }

  modifyLocation<K extends keyof Location>(field: K, value: Location[K]) {
    this.location = { ...this.location, [field]: value };
    this.emitOutgoingValue(this.location);
  }
}

然后,您可以将<app-location>[(ngModel)][formControl],自定义验证器结合使用-Angular支持的控件可以直接使用。

答案 6 :(得分:-1)

为什么要在使用内部ngModel时创建新的值访问器。每当您创建一个包含输入[ngModel]的自定义组件时,我们就已经在实例化一个ControlValueAccessor。这就是我们需要的访问者。

模板:

<div class="form-group" [ngClass]="{'has-error' : hasError}">
    <div><label>{{label}}</label></div>
    <input type="text" [placeholder]="placeholder" ngModel [ngClass]="{invalid: (invalid | async)}" [id]="identifier"        name="{{name}}-input" />    
</div>

组件:

export class MyInputComponent {
    @ViewChild(NgModel) innerNgModel: NgModel;

    constructor(ngModel: NgModel) {
        //First set the valueAccessor of the outerNgModel
        this.outerNgModel.valueAccessor = this.innerNgModel.valueAccessor;

        //Set the innerNgModel to the outerNgModel
        //This will copy all properties like validators, change-events etc.
        this.innerNgModel = this.outerNgModel;
    }
}

用作:

<my-input class="col-sm-6" label="First Name" name="firstname" 
    [(ngModel)]="user.name" required 
    minlength="5" maxlength="20"></my-input>

答案 7 :(得分:-1)

使用ControlValueAccessor NG_VALUE_ACCESSOR非常容易。

您可以阅读本文以创建一个简单的自定义字段 Create Custom Input Field Component with Angular