我正在使用双向链表编写C中的经典Snake游戏,并编写了一个创建指针的函数,为结构分配所需的空间,然后为列表中的下一个指针分配内存,依此类推。最后,函数返回指向第一个元素的指针,并将其指定给main函数中的头指针。
当开始游戏时,我希望蛇的长度为3,所以我在函数中有三个malloc,并使用指针,指针 - >接下来,指针 - > next-> next等等,一切都是工作
由于在这个过程中需要重复很多步骤,我想把所有这些都放到像这样的for循环中:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct snake snake;
struct snake {
int x; /* x coordinate */
int y; /* y coordinate */
snake *previous;
snake *next;
};
snake *initSnake(void) {
snake *pointer, *tmp1, *tmp2 = NULL;
/* three iterations, so the snake will have a length of three */
for( int i = 0; i<3; i++, tmp1 = tmp1->next) {
if(NULL == (tmp1 = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake)))) {
return NULL;
}
/* coordinates */
tmp1->x = 20;
tmp1->y = 10 + i;
/* first previous points to NULL */
tmp1->previous = tmp2;
/* temporarily store last pointer to be used for next previous pointer */
tmp2 = tmp1;
if(0 == i) {
/* store first pointer so it can be returned */
pointer = tmp1;
}
}
/* the last next pointer has to point to NULL */
tmp1 = NULL;
/* now return the pointer to the first element in list */
return pointer;
}
int main() {
/* pointer to first element in list */
snake *head = NULL;
if(NULL == (head = initSnake() ) ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Not enough memory!\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
/* here everything works fine */
printf("%d\n", head->y);
printf("%d\n", head->previous);
/* when trying to acces the content of the next element, the program crashes... */
printf("%d\n", head->next->x);
/* pause */
getchar();
}
问题在于,当我尝试访问main函数中列表的第二个元素时,游戏崩溃了。我怀疑是有问题的
for循环中的tmp1 = tmp1->next
我并没有真正访问下一个指针,但我不完全确定。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
你有很多错误表明你并不真正理解记忆,变量和等等。指针工作。例如,在tmp1 = tmp1->next
循环结束时执行for
,紧接着tmp1 = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake))
覆盖tmp1
并使之前的操作毫无意义。代码中的其他位置也存在类似的操作。
要清理它,试试这个:
snake *initSnake(void) {
snake *head, **current, *prev;
/* three iterations, so the snake will have a length of three */
for(int i = 0, prev = NULL, current = &head; i<3; i++) {
if(NULL == (*current = malloc(sizeof(snake)))) {
return NULL; /* note that if this happens midway
through allocation, nothing gets freed */
}
/* coordinates */
(*current)->x = 20;
(*current)->y = 10 + i;
/* next, previous pointers */
(*current)->next = NULL;
(*current)->previous = prev;
prev = *current;
current = ¤t->next;
}
/* now return the pointer to the first element in list */
return head;
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您必须将最后一个下一个指针设置为NULL:
/* the last next pointer has to point to NULL */
tmp1->next = NULL; // -> next !
因为tmp1
是一个局部变量,并且在返回之前将其设置为NULL将不起作用。
修改:
Ooops,也不在for循环中执行tmp1 = tmp1->next
:因为在您尝试执行此操作时未设置它。您需要与之前一起设置下一个:
/* first previous points to NULL */
tmp1->previous = tmp2;
if (tmp2)
tmp2->next = tmp1;
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