我有以下项目结构:
project
|-project.py
|-__init__.py
|-setup.py
|-lib
|-__init__.py
|-project
|-__init__.py
|-tools.py
project.py
:
from project.lib import *
def main():
print("main")
tool()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
setup.py
:
from setuptools import setup
setup(
name = "project",
version="1.0",
packages = ["project", "project.lib"],
package_dir = {"project": ".", "project.lib": 'lib/project'},
entry_points={
'console_scripts': [
'project = project.project:main',
],
},
)
tools.py
:
def tool():
print("tool")
如果我跑
import project.lib.tools
project.lib.tools.tool()
它按预期工作,但运行命令project
失败并带有
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/project", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('project==1.0', 'console_scripts', 'project')()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 568, in load_entry_point
return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2720, in load_entry_point
return ep.load()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2380, in load
return self.resolve()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2386, in resolve
module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/project/project.py", line 3, in <module>
ImportError: No module named lib
我不明白为什么这两个解释器没有相同的默认导入路径。
此设置的原因是我希望能够import project.lib.tools
,但保留目录结构lib/project
。
完整的distutils
文档严重无法说明如何在分发包之后导入包(setuptools
和distutils
的差异并不是那么神秘 - 无法知道distutils
的行为是否在此扩展。
我在Ubuntu 15.10上使用setuptools
18.4-1和python
2.7。
如果我按照@AnttiHaapala的回答中的建议更改了项目结构和setup.py
$ project
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/project", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('project==1.0', 'console_scripts', 'project')()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 568, in load_entry_point
return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2720, in load_entry_point
return ep.load()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2380, in load
return self.resolve()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2386, in resolve
module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/project/project.py", line 3, in <module>
ImportError: No module named lib
答案 0 :(得分:9)
您的项目结构似乎是b0rken。分发的标准布局是setup.py
位于顶层。然后,您的项目将包含1个(顶级)包,即project
,包含子包project.lib
。因此,我们得到以下目录布局:
Project-0.42/
+- project/
| +- __init__.py
| +- lib/
| | +- __init__.py
| | +- tools.py
| +- project.py
+- setup.py
然后在您的setup.py
中,您可以完成
from setuptools import find_packages
setup(
...
# remove package_dir, it is unnecessary
packages=find_packages(),
...
)
package_dir
实际上并不能同时处理顶级+子包。在pip remove project
之后,您可以确定您没有在网站包中安装任何错误版本的版本,然后运行python setup.py develop
将源链接到site-packages
。
之后,问题在于您使用Python 2来破坏导入系统,该系统假定相对导入。在project.py
中,您的import project.lib
默认情况下会假定相对导入,并尝试实际导入project.project.lib
。由于这不是你想要的,你应该添加
from __future__ import absolute_import
位于该文件的顶部。我认真地建议你添加这个(如果你在任何地方使用division
运算符,为什么不是/
导入),以避免这些陷阱并保持Python 3兼容。