在psycopg2

时间:2016-01-13 18:33:30

标签: python postgresql psycopg2

我必须为postgresql构建一个动态更新查询。 它的动态,因为事先我必须确定要更新的列。

给出样本表:

create table foo (id int, a int, b int, c int)

然后我将以编程方式构建" set"条款

_set = {}
_set['a'] = 10
_set['c'] = NULL

之后我必须构建更新查询。在这里,我被困住了。 我必须构造这个sql Update命令:

update foo set a = 10, b = NULL where id = 1

如何使用psycopg2参数化命令执行此操作? (即如果它不为空则循环遍历dict并构建set子句)?

更新

在我睡觉的时候,我自己找到了解决方案。它是动态的,正是我想要的: - )

create table foo (id integer, a integer, b integer, c varchar)

updates = {}
updates['a'] = 10
updates['b'] = None
updates['c'] = 'blah blah blah'
sql = "upgrade foo set %s where id = %s" % (', '.join("%s = %%s" % u for u in updates.keys()), 10)
params = updates.values()
print cur.mogrify(sql, params)
cur.execute(sql, params)

结果是我需要的内容和方式(尤其是可空和可引用的列):

"upgrade foo set a = 10, c = 'blah blah blah', b = NULL where id = 10"

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

使用the alternative column-list syntax

实际上有一种更简洁的方法
sql_template = "UPDATE foo SET ({}) = %s WHERE id = {}"
sql = sql_template.format(', '.join(updates.keys()), 10)
params = (tuple(addr_dict.values()),)
print cur.mogrify(sql, params)
cur.execute(sql, params)

答案 1 :(得分:4)

使用psycopg2.sql – SQL字符串组成模块

该模块包含有用的对象和函数,以方便,安全的方式动态生成SQL。

from psycopg2 import connect, sql

conn = connect("dbname=test user=postgres")

upd = {'name': 'Peter', 'age': 35, 'city': 'London'}
ref_id = 12

sql_query = sql.SQL("UPDATE people SET {data} WHERE id = {id}").format(
    data=sql.SQL(', ').join(
        sql.Composed([sql.Identifier(k), sql.SQL(" = "), sql.Placeholder(k)]) for k in upd.keys()
    ),
    id=sql.Placeholder('id')
)
upd.update(id=ref_id)
with conn:
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute(sql_query, upd)
conn.close()

在关闭连接之前运行print(sql_query.as_string(conn))会显示以下输出:

UPDATE people SET "name" = %(name)s, "age" = %(age)s, "city" = %(city)s WHERE id = %(id)s

答案 2 :(得分:1)

不需要动态SQL。假设a不可为空,b可以为空。

如果您要同时更新ab

_set = dict(
    id = 1,
    a = 10,
    b = 20, b_update = 1
)
update = """
    update foo
    set
        a = coalesce(%(a)s, a), -- a is not nullable
        b = (array[b, %(b)s])[%(b_update)s + 1] -- b is nullable
    where id = %(id)s
"""
print cur.mogrify(update, _set)
cur.execute(update, _set)

输出:

update foo
set
    a = coalesce(10, a), -- a is not nullable
    b = (array[b, 20])[1 + 1] -- b is nullable
where id = 1

如果您想更新无:

_set = dict(
    id = 1,
    a = None,
    b = 20, b_update = 0
)

输出:

update foo
set
    a = coalesce(NULL, a), -- a is not nullable
    b = (array[b, 20])[0 + 1] -- b is nullable
where id = 1

答案 3 :(得分:0)

不使用python格式的选项,使用psycopg2的AsIs函数作为列名(尽管这不会阻止您对列名进行SQL注入)。字典命名为data

update_statement = f'UPDATE foo SET (%s) = %s WHERE id_column=%s'
columns = data.keys()
values = [data[column] for column in columns]
query = cur.mogrify(update_statement, (AsIs(','.join(columns)), tuple(values), id_value))