如何查看upsert是否是PostgreSQL 9.5+ UPSERT的更新?

时间:2016-01-13 09:23:24

标签: postgresql upsert postgresql-9.5

Insert, on duplicate update in PostgreSQL?

中所述,可写CTE被认为是9.5之前的UPSERT的解决方案

可以执行UPSERT,其中包含最终为UPDATE的信息或具有以下可写CTE惯用语的INSERT:

WITH
    update_cte AS (
        UPDATE t SET v = $1 WHERE id = $2 RETURNING 'updated'::text status
    ),
    insert_cte AS (
        INSERT INTO t(id, v) SELECT $2, $1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
            (SELECT 1 FROM update_cte) RETURNING 'inserted'::text status
    )
 (SELECT status FROM update_cte) UNION (SELECT status FROM insert_cte)

此查询将返回“已更新”或“已插入”,或者可能(很少)因违反约束而失败,如https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/78510/why-is-cte-open-to-lost-updates

中所述

使用PostgreSQL 9.5+新的“UPSERT”语法可以实现类似的功能,从优化中获益并避免可能的约束违规吗?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:12)

我相信xmax::text::int > 0是最简单的伎俩:

so=# DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tab;
NOTICE:  table "tab" does not exist, skipping
DROP TABLE
so=# CREATE TABLE tab(id INT PRIMARY KEY, col text);
CREATE TABLE
so=# INSERT INTO tab(id, col) VALUES (1,'a'), (2, 'b');
INSERT 0 2
so=# INSERT INTO tab(id, col)
VALUES (3, 'c'), (4, 'd'), (1,'aaaa')
ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET col = EXCLUDED.col
returning *,case when xmax::text::int > 0 then 'updated' else 'inserted' end,ctid;
 id | col  |   case   | ctid
----+------+----------+-------
  3 | c    | inserted | (0,3)
  4 | d    | inserted | (0,4)
  1 | aaaa | updated  | (0,5)
(3 rows)

INSERT 0 3
so=# INSERT INTO tab(id, col)
VALUES (3, 'c'), (4, 'd'), (1,'aaaa')
ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET col = EXCLUDED.col
returning *,case when xmax::text::int > 0 then 'updated' else 'inserted' end,ctid;
 id | col  |  case   | ctid
----+------+---------+-------
  3 | c    | updated | (0,6)
  4 | d    | updated | (0,7)
  1 | aaaa | updated | (0,8)
(3 rows)

INSERT 0 3

答案 1 :(得分:7)

@lad2025's answer绘图,可以通过在WHERE子句中滥用settingscustomized optionsrelated functions来获得所需的副作用来实现结果。

CREATE TABLE t(id INT PRIMARY KEY, v TEXT);

INSERT INTO t (id, v)
    SELECT $1, $2
    WHERE 'inserted' = set_config('upsert.action', 'inserted', true)
    ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE
        SET v = EXCLUDED.v
        WHERE 'updated' = set_config('upsert.action', 'updated', true)
RETURNING current_setting('upsert.action') AS "upsert.action";

set_config的第三个参数是is_localtrue表示设置将在交易结束时消失。更确切地说,current_setting('upsert.action')将返回NULL(并且不会抛出错误),直到会话结束。

答案 2 :(得分:5)

SQL Server MERGE语句中$action返回字符串'INSERT', 'UPDATE', or 'DELETE'

对于Postgresql,我无法找到与RETURNING类似的函数/变量。

解决方法之一是将列is_updated添加到您的表中:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tab;

CREATE TABLE tab(id INT PRIMARY KEY, col VARCHAR(100),
                 is_updated BOOLEAN DEFAULT false);
INSERT INTO tab(id, col) VALUES (1,'a'), (2, 'b');


-- main query
INSERT INTO tab(id, col)
VALUES (3, 'c'), (4, 'd'), (1,'aaaa')
ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET col = EXCLUDED.col, is_updated = true
RETURNING id,col,
          CASE WHEN is_updated THEN 'UPDATED' ELSE 'INSERTED' END AS action;

<强> Rextester Demo

输出:

╔════╦══════╦══════════╗
║ id ║ col  ║  action  ║
╠════╬══════╬══════════╣
║  3 ║ c    ║ INSERTED ║
║  4 ║ d    ║ INSERTED ║
║  1 ║ aaaa ║ UPDATED  ║
╚════╩══════╩══════════╝

答案 3 :(得分:2)

(xmax::text::bigint > 0)(NOT xmax = 0)。一旦交易计数达到整数溢出,将转换为整数将中断。