一些背景资料

Question

一些背景资料

Codecademy上有一节课，指导我创建一个联系人列表（在对象中包含对象）。最后，我要创建一个可以输入并与联系人列表上的任何名称匹配的函数。如果匹配，则会将与该名称关联的所有联系信息记录到控制台。

到目前为止，我已经成功完成了上述所有工作，并希望更进一步。我希望该函数能够记录每个值之间间隔的人的地址（例如：“One Microsoft Way，Redmond，WA，98052”而不是“One Microsoft Way，Redmond，WA，98052”）。

我还希望该功能能够记录“不匹配”。进入控制台（只需一次）如果它搜索整个联系人列表并找不到匹配的名称。使用我当前的代码，它会记录“不匹配”。对于每个不匹配的名称，我不希望这样。

简而言之：如何在每个值之间以间距返回和分隔值数组？如何让函数返回“不匹配”。没有找到任何匹配后的一次？

这是我的代码：

// Main object
var friends = {
    // Nested objects
    bill: {
        firstName: "Bill",
        lastName: "Pifheba",
        number: "1234567890",
        address: ["One Microsoft Way", "Redmond", "WA", "98052"]
    },

    steve: {
        firstName: "Steve",
        lastName: "Ajfiae",
        number: "1234512345",
        address: ["2 Stack Way", "Lazss", "WA", "12345"]
    },

    bob: {
        firstName: "Bob",
        lastName: "Dcfiwae",
        number: "8291047261",
        address: ["28 Stack Way", "What", "WA", "54321"]
    }
};

// Searches for matching name
var search = function(name) {
    // Iterates through nested objects
    for (var x in friends) {
        // If match is found
        if (friends[x].firstName === name) {
            // Print contact information
            console.log("First Name: " + friends[x].firstName + "\r\nLast Name: " + friends[x].lastName + "\r\nNumber: " + friends[x].number + "\r\nAddress: " + friends[x].address);
        } else {
            console.log("No match.");
        }
    }
};

// Asks for who to search for
search(prompt("Name?"));

Answer 1

您可以.join数组将其转换为以空格分隔的字符串。

["One Microsoft Way", "Redmond", "WA", "98052"].join(", ");
// "One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, 98052"

不是在函数中记录值，而是可以返回它，而是记录调用它的结果。

if (friends[x].firstName === name) {
  return "First Name: " + friends[x].firstName + "\r\nLast Name: " + friends[x].lastName + "\r\nNumber: " + friends[x].number + "\r\nAddress: " + friends[x].address);
}

一旦找到匹配，这将使循环短路。要提供回退返回值，只需在函数末尾添加另一个return语句。

var search = function(name) {
  // ...
  return "No match.";
}

只有在循环完成且未找到匹配项时，才会运行此语句。

最后，您可以直接记录通话结果。

console.log(search(prompt("Name?")));

Answer 2

var search = function(name) {
    // Iterates through nested objects
    var found = false;
    for (var x in friends) {
        // If match is found
        if (friends[x].firstName === name) {
            // Print contact information
            found = true;
            console.log("First Name: " + friends[x].firstName + "\r\nLast Name: " + friends[x].lastName + "\r\nNumber: " + friends[x].number + "\r\nAddress: " + friends[x].address.join(' '));
            break; // stop iteration
        }
    }
    if (!found) {
      console.log("No match.");
    }
};

Answer 3

您可以使用Array.prototype.join()连接数组元素和提供给方法的字符串（此处为', '），以形成字符串：

friends[x].address.join(', ')

参考文献：

Array.prototype.join()。

Answer 4

您的代码存在一些问题。

您应该使用数组，这样您就可以拥有多个具有相同名称的用户
您并不需要遍历所有friends，因为每个密钥都是唯一的

请参阅以下代码中的评论

// Main object
var friends = {
  // Nested objects
  bill: {
    firstName: "Bill",
    lastName: "Pifheba",
    number: "1234567890",
    address: ["One Microsoft Way", "Redmond", "WA", "98052"]
  },

  steve: {
    firstName: "Steve",
    lastName: "Ajfiae",
    number: "1234512345",
    address: ["2 Crap Way", "Lazss", "WA", "12345"]
  },

  bob: {
    firstName: "Bob",
    lastName: "Dcfiwae",
    number: "8291047261",
    address: ["28 Crap Way", "What", "WA", "54321"]
  }
};

// Searches for matching name
var search = function(name) {
  // check to see if the friends name is a property of your object
  // if not return early
  if ( name in friends == false ) {
    console.log('not found');
    return false;
  }
  // since you have already checked that the name exists you 
  // can just use the name property instead of looping through
  // as all keys must be unique when using an object
  console.log( friends[name] );
  console.log("First Name: " + friends[name].firstName + "\r\nLast Name: " + friends[name].lastName + "\r\nNumber: " + friends[name].number + "\r\nAddress: " + friends[name].address.join(' '));
      // you can join an array with `.join`
      console.log(friends[name].address.join(' '));
};

// Asks for who to search for
search(prompt("Name?"));

<script src="http://codepen.io/synthet1c/pen/WrQapG.js"></script>

如何分离数组值

一些背景资料

4 个答案: