我有一个程序可以在CSV的第1列中随机生成一系列5个字母（ASCII，大写和小写）以及同一CSV的第2列中的4个数字（0-9）。我可以按升序值的顺序对第2列进行排序，但是对第1列进行排序，因为它首先对所有大写值进行排序，然后对小写进行排序。这也输出到一个新文件sorted.csv。
示例：
ANcPI
DLBvA
FpSCo
beMhy
dWDjl
有谁知道如何对这些进行分类，以便套管不会产生影响，而只是信件？它应该排序为：
ANcPI
beMhy
DLBvA
dWDjl
FpSCo
以下是该程序目前的代码：
import random
import string
#se='111411468' # Hardcoded value for development of the program
se = int(input('Please enter your ID for specific random number sequence: ')) # Asks user for ID number to generate files based on, uses se as above
random.seed(se,2) # Use of 2 in random.seed handles strings, numbers and others
ascii_lowercase = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' # Uses all lower case ASCII
ascii_uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' # Uses all upper case ASCII
ascii_letters = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase # Combines all ASCII characters giving a higher degree of randomness to the generated files
digits = '0123456789' # Range of digit values for column 2 of 'unsorted.csv'
def rubbish_string(selection,l):
s = ''
for c in range(l):
s += selection[random.randint(0,len(selection)-1)]
return s
def writeRandomFile(filename):
with open(filename, 'w') as fout: # With automatically closes the file on finishing its extent,even with exceptions
fout.write('Personal ID,'+str(se)+'\n') # Write and assembled string, personal ID in grid A1 and personal ID No. in grid B1.....headings for the data
for xc in range(random.randint(10,20)):
fout.write(rubbish_string(ascii_letters,5)+','+rubbish_string(digits,4)+'\n') # Assemble and write a line to the file using 5 from the ascii_letters and 4 from the digits variable
def selectionSort (alist, col): # Slightly modified function for selection sort from part Q7A
for fillslot in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
positionOfMax=0 # Initally the maximum value is positioned at 0, Binary so position 1
for location in range(1, fillslot+1):
# Results in a list of size 2, first part is letters, second part is numbers
line1 = alist[location].split(",") # Makes sense to use "," for a .csv
line2 = alist[positionOfMax].split(",")
# Column-1 because computers count from zero (Binary)
# When the user enters 1 or 2, the computer deals with it in terms of 0 or 1
if line1[col - 1] > line2[col - 1]: # Deals with the Binary issue by taking 1 from the input column value from the user
positionOfMax=location
temp= alist[fillslot]
alist[fillslot]=alist[positionOfMax]
alist[positionOfMax]=temp
# Main part...
# Create random file based on the user data
writeRandomFile('unsorted.csv')
# Allow user pick which column to sort on, either 1 or 2 (could be adapted for more columns)
sortOnColumn = -1
while sortOnColumn != 1 and sortOnColumn != 2: # If the user does not enter an appropriate value, in this case 1 or 2 they are re-asked to input the column based on which ths sorting will be done.
sortOnColumn = int(input("Which column should the files be sorted on?"))
# Open unsorted file and load into a list
fin = open('unsorted.csv', 'r') # Opens a file for reading, called fin
data = [] # Creates an empty list named data
header = next(fin) # Skip first line because its Personal ID data, not random data generated by the program
for line in fin: # Loops through lines in fin
data.append(line.strip()) # Adds the line to the list, appending the list[]
selectionSort(data, sortOnColumn) # Sort list with the selection sort algorithm, calling the function, where data=the list and sortOnColum=user choice
# Write the now sorted list to a file, called fout
fout = open('sorted.csv', 'w') # Opening the empty sort.csv in write mode
fout.write(header) # Write PersonID data first at the top of the .csv as in the unsorted format
for entry in data: # Write ordered data
fout.write(entry)
data.sort(key=lambda m : m.lower()) # Sorts col.1 based on non case sensitive letters but issues with col.2..............
fout.write("\n") # Formating with "\n"
fout.close() # Close the file so not to have generated just a blank .csv with no data
print('Your Files Have Been Generated, Goodbye!')
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您的代码中存在很多错误，如PEP8 online所示。如果可以，请在将来使用PyCharm Community或PyCharm Edu，以便在编写代码时自动检查代码。以下是您的代码的修订版本：
import csv
import random
import string
import sys
UNSORTED_FILENAME = 'unsorted.csv'
SORTED_FILENAME = 'sorted.csv'
def main():
"""This function handles execution of the entire program."""
# seed = setup_random_sequence(111411468)
seed = setup_random_sequence()
write_random_file(UNSORTED_FILENAME, seed)
header, data = load_and_sort(UNSORTED_FILENAME)
write_csv_file(SORTED_FILENAME, header, data)
print('Your files have been generated. Goodbye!')
def setup_random_sequence(seed=None):
"""Seed the random number generator with some specific value."""
if seed is None:
seed = get_int('Enter your ID for your random number sequence: ')
random.seed(seed, 2)
return seed
def get_int(prompt='>>> '):
"""Get an integer from the user and return it to the function's caller."""
while True:
try:
text = input(prompt)
except EOFError:
sys.exit()
else:
try:
return int(text)
except ValueError:
print('You must enter an integer.')
def write_random_file(filename, seed):
"""Create random file based on the user data."""
rows = ((rubbish_string(string.ascii_letters, 5),
rubbish_string(string.digits, 4))
for _ in range(random.randint(10, 20)))
write_csv_file(filename, ('Personal ID', seed), rows)
def write_csv_file(filename, header, data):
"""Write the now sorted list to a file."""
with open(filename, 'w', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
writer.writerow(header)
writer.writerows(data)
def rubbish_string(selection, length):
"""Create a string of given length built of characters from selection."""
return ''.join(random.choice(selection) for _ in range(length))
def load_and_sort(filename):
"""Load the file given by filename and sort by user specification."""
sort_on_column = None
while True:
sort_on_column = get_int('Which column should file be sorted on? ')
if sort_on_column in {1, 2}:
break
print('Column number is out of range.')
with open(filename, newline='') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
header = next(reader)
data = list(reader)
selection_sort(data, sort_on_column)
return header, data
def selection_sort(array, column):
"""This is a modified function for selection sort from part Q7A."""
array.sort(key=lambda row: row[column - 1].casefold())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
您可能会注意到PEP8 online，代码不再有任何错误。如果您需要进一步更改，请告诉我们。