到目前为止我做了什么

Question

我遇到了一个非常奇怪的错误，它与SSL和python有关，与google.com有关（或者更常见的是我认为对于拥有多个证书链的域名）。每当我尝试向https://*.google.com/whatever发出请求时，我都会收到以下错误：

SSLError: ("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE', 'certificate verify failed')],)",) while doing GET request to URL: https://google.com/

到目前为止我做了什么

我已经经历了许多尝试让这个工作起来的箍，并且我现在不想知道该做什么就可以发布到Stack Overflow。这是我尝试过的：

注意到date返回的日期比实时晚了2分钟（可能使我的证书无效）。假设它会验证证书，我修复了这个问题。这并没有解决问题。
发现Python 2.7.9从Python 3向后移植了一些SSL库。我从Python 2.7.6升级到2.7.9，假设更新（包括此线程中列出的修复：https://serverfault.com/questions/692110/error-with-python2-as-a-https-client-with-an-nginx-server-and-ssl-certificate-ch）会解决它。没有运气，同样的错误。
显然设置verify=False有效，但我们不愿意考虑安全性，我们需要verify=True才能正常工作。
curl https://google.com也可按预期工作。这就是我知道它与Python有关的方式。

环境

$ python -V
Python 2.7.9

$ pip list | grep -e requests
requests (2.9.1)

$ uname-a  # ubuntu 14.04
Linux staging.example.com 3.13.0-48-generic #80-Ubuntu SMP Thu Mar 12 11:16:15 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

实施例

这只是仅通过https发生谷歌域名。这是一个例子：

$ ipython
Python 2.7.9 (default, Jan  6 2016, 21:37:32)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 4.0.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import requests

In [2]: requests.get('https://facebook.com', verify=True)
Out[2]: <Response [200]>

In [3]: requests.get('https://stackoverflow.com', verify=True)
Out[3]: <Response [200]>

In [4]: requests.get('https://spotify.com', verify=True)
Out[4]: <Response [200]>

In [5]: requests.get('http://google.com', verify=True) # notice the http
Out[5]: <Response [200]>

In [6]: requests.get('https://google.com', verify=True)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SSLError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-a7fff1831944> in <module>()
----> 1 requests.get('https://google.com', verify=True)

/example/.virtualenv/example/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.pyc in get(url, params, **kwargs)
     65
     66     kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
---> 67     return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
     68
     69

/example/.virtualenv/example/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.pyc in request(method, url, **kwargs)
     51     # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
     52     with sessions.Session() as session:
---> 53         return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
     54
     55

/example/.virtualenv/example/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.pyc in request(self, method, url, params, data, headers, cookies, files, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, proxies, hooks, stream, verify, cert, json)
    466         }
    467         send_kwargs.update(settings)
--> 468         resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
    469
    470         return resp

/example/.virtualenv/example/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.pyc in send(self, request, **kwargs)
    574
    575         # Send the request
--> 576         r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
    577
    578         # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)

/example/.virtualenv/example/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.pyc in send(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
    445         except (_SSLError, _HTTPError) as e:
    446             if isinstance(e, _SSLError):
--> 447                 raise SSLError(e, request=request)
    448             elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError):
    449                 raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)

SSLError: ("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE', 'certificate verify failed')],)",)

Answer 1

我找到了解决方案。在运行的certifi版本中似乎存在一个主要问题。我从这个（很长的）GitHub问题中找到了这个：https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/issues/26

<强> TL; DR

pip uninstall -y certifi && pip install certifi==2015.04.28

请求时（仅）* .google.com

到目前为止我做了什么

环境

实施例

1 个答案: