我在C ++方面比Go有更多的经验。我试图了解如何在Go中以惯用方式表达Composite design pattern,特别是参考属性。在C ++中,我使用父类来保存一组子类共有的属性和方法。我没有看到这在Go中如何运作。接口允许我定义要实现的方法,但它不允许我提供默认实现。我必须在实现接口的每个结构中重新实现该方法,并复制每个结构中的所有属性。我不能在接口中保留公共属性,因为接口没有数据元素。你如何在Go中进行这种重构?
以下是我希望在Go中能够做到的一个例子(在C ++中):
#include <string>
/*
* Parent class for edible things. Holds the "name" attribute.
*/
class Edible {
public:
Edible(const std::string &aName):
ed_Name(aName) { }
const std::string &name() const { return ed_Name; }
protected:
void setName(const std::string &aName) { ed_Name = aName; }
private:
std::string ed_Name;
};
/*
* Subclass of Edible for fruits. Depends on Edible to store the name.
*/
class Fruit: public Edible {
public:
Fruit(const std::string &aName,
const std::string &aPlant):
Edible(aName),
fr_Plant(aPlant) { }
const std::string &plant() const { return fr_Plant; }
protected:
void setPlant(const std::string &aPlant) { fr_Plant = aPlant; }
private:
std::string fr_Plant;
};
/*
* Subclass of Edible for meats. Depends on Edible to store the name.
* Has attributes for the animal and the cut of meat.
*/
class Meat: public Edible {
public:
Meat(const std::string &aName,
const std::string &aAnimal,
const std::string &aCut):
Edible(aName),
me_Animal(aAnimal),
me_Cut(aCut) { }
const std::string &animal() const { return me_Animal; }
const std::string &cut() const { return me_Cut; }
protected:
void setAnimal(const std::string &aAnimal) { me_Animal = aAnimal; }
void setCut(const std::string &aCut) { me_Cut = aCut; }
private:
std::string me_Animal;
std::string me_Cut;
};
答案 0 :(得分:1)
在这种情况下,您可以拥有一个Edible
界面,以及type Fruit struct
和type Meat struct
各自实施的界面。其中每个也可以组成,它包含一个EdibleName
,它将提供设置/获取名称的方法和存储空间。
e.g。
type Edible interface {
eat() int // common method
}
type EdibleName struct {
name string
}
// NB getters and setters may not be idiomatic
func (n *EdibleName) getName() string {
return n.name
}
func (n *EdibleName) setName(name string) {
n.name = name
}
type Fruit struct {
pips int
EdibleName
}
func (f *Fruit) eat() int {
// ...
return 0
}
type Meat struct {
animal int
EdibleName
}
func (m *Meat) eat() int {
animal int
return 0
}