Question

我试图在SQLite中创建一个数据库，该数据库有两个表，一个用于机场列表，另一个表用于这些机场对之间的旅行列表。我把它设置为一种自我参照，多对多的关系：

class Trips(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = 'trips'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    airport_from = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('airport.id'))
    airport_to = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('airport.id'))
    price = db.Column(db.Float)
    date = db.Column(db.Date)

class Airport(db.Model):

    __tablename__ = 'airport'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    iata = db.Column(db.String(8), index=True, unique=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(120), index=True, unique=True)
    city = db.Column(db.String(120))
    region = db.Column(db.String(120))
    country = db.Column(db.String(120))

    flying_from = db.relationship('Trips', backref='end', primaryjoin=(id==Trips.airport_to))
    flying_to = db.relationship('Trips', backref='start', primaryjoin=(id==Trips.airport_from))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<Airport: {0}; IATA: {1}>'.format(self.name, self.iata)

当我打开我的Python shell并导入这些模型时，我让SQLAlchemy会话添加Airport对象并提交就好了，但是当我执行类似的操作时：

>>> t = models.Trips(airport_from=3, airport_to=4, price=230.0)
>>> db.session.add(t)
>>> db.session.commit()

它给了我这个追溯：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1139, in _execute_context
context)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 450, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
sqlite3.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: trips.id

上述异常是导致以下异常的直接原因：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/scoping.py", line 150, in do
    return getattr(self.registry(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 813, in commit
    self.transaction.commit()
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 392, in commit
    self._prepare_impl()
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 372, in _prepare_impl
    self.session.flush()
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2027, in flush
    self._flush(objects)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2145, in _flush
    transaction.rollback(_capture_exception=True)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 60, in __exit__
    compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 183, in reraise
    raise value
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2109, in _flush
    flush_context.execute()
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/unitofwork.py", line 373, in execute
    rec.execute(self)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/unitofwork.py", line 532, in execute
    uow
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/persistence.py", line 174, in save_obj
    mapper, table, insert)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/persistence.py", line 800, in _emit_insert_statements
    execute(statement, params)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 914, in execute
    return meth(self, multiparams, params)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 323, in _execute_on_connection
    return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1010, in _execute_clauseelement
    compiled_sql, distilled_params
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1146, in _execute_context
    context)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1341, in _handle_dbapi_exception
    exc_info
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 189, in raise_from_cause
    reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=exc_value)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 182, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1139, in _execute_context
    context)
  File "/Users/heli/nomad/flask/lib/python3.4/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 450, in do_execute
    cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError: (sqlite3.IntegrityError) NOT NULL constraint failed: trips.id [SQL: 'INSERT INTO trips (airport_from, airport_to, price, date) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)'] [parameters: (3, 4, 230.0, None)]

关键部分似乎是底线：

sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError: (sqlite3.IntegrityError) NOT NULL constraint failed: trips.id [SQL: 'INSERT INTO trips (airport_from, airport_to, price, date) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)'] [parameters: (3, 4, 230.0, None)]

看起来因为我没有给id参数赋值，所以它拒绝添加对象。但我认为这个id会自动添加并增加，就像机场对象＆＃39; id参数。我在这里缺少什么？

Answer 1

向Trips类定义添加显式autoincrement=True：

id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)

如果在没有显式AUTOINCREMENT的情况下创建表，则需要传递Trips.id = NULL以使其递增，请参阅https://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q1

Answer 2

在版本中： SQLAlchemy 1.2.7 Flask-SQLAlchemy 2.3.2 autoincrement = True不是必需的para，但要小心你的主键定义，因为你已经定义了＆＃39; id＆＃39;如果不将列作为主键，则不应将其他列定义为主键，否则，在插入记录时必须自行设置id列的值。

Answer 3

我在一个类映射表中遇到了同样的问题，该表被用作许多附加属性字段。弹出错误的原因不是因为没有为主键明确定义自动增量，而是因为foreign_key列也具有primary_key = True。无需在模型中设置额外的primary_keys即可很好地实现这种关系。

主键上的Flask SQLAlchemy NOT NULL约束失败

3 个答案: