我在程序中实现了以下保存功能,允许用户将他/她在Tkinter画布上绘制的任何内容保存为JPEG文件。它应该如何工作是它首先捕获屏幕和Tkinter画布,然后基于它创建一个postscript文件。然后它将该postscript文件转换为PIL(Python Imaging Library)可读文件类型,然后PIL将转换后的文件保存为JPEG。我的保存功能如下所示:
def savefirst():
# Capture screen and Tkinter canvas
cnv = getscreen().getcanvas()
global hen
# Save screen and canvas as Postscript file
ps = cnv.postscript(colormode = 'color')
# Open a Tkinter file dialog that allows to input his.her own name for the file
hen = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension = '.jpg')
# Convert Postscript file to PIL readable format
im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(ps.encode('utf-8')))
# Finally save converted file as a JPEG
im.save(hen + '.jpg')
但是,每当我运行此保存功能时,我都会收到如下错误:
line 2396, in savefirst
im.save(hen + '.jpg')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 1646, in save
self.load()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py", line 337, in load
self.im = Ghostscript(self.tile, self.size, self.fp, scale)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py", line 143, in Ghostscript
stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py", line 950, in __init__
restore_signals, start_new_session)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py", line 1544, in _execute_child
raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'gs'
即使我已经安装了GhostScript!我知道这是因为我首先通过位于here的磁盘映像安装它并运行安装程序。但是,由于这不起作用,我在终端:
中执行了此操作`pip install ghostscript`
因为即使这样也行不通,我在终端中运行了这个:
`conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/mlgill ghostscript`
我使用 3种方式来安装GhostScript并仍然遇到同样的错误。为什么会这样,我怎么解决这个问题?
仅供参考:如果你需要知道,我的操作系统是Mac OS 10.11.2,我的Python版本是3.5.1
编辑:所以,正如评论曾经说过的那样,尝试使用Homebrew来解决这个问题。所以,我自然安装了它(因为我没有安装Homebrew)。然后,成功安装后,我运行了brew install ghostscript
。在我解决了几个问题之后,我能够成功安装GhostScript(好吧,根据Homebrew反正)。然后我跑了brew doctor
,发现它没有关联! ****喘气****嗯,修复很容易,只需链接它!所以,这正是我所做的,在解决了其他一些问题之后,我终于能够成功执行brew link ghostscript
。然而,尽管我在修复错误时采取了英勇而艰难的尝试,但它仍然是......尽管我付出了最大努力,但当我运行保存功能时,IDLE中的错误仍然会发生!此外,正在运行{{终止中的1}}返回:
gs
什么是STILL出错了?为什么Python(甚至终端)无法找到dyld: Library not loaded: /opt/X11/lib/libXt.6.dylib
Referenced from: //anaconda/bin/gs
Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap: 5
?
编辑#2:好的,所以我终于能够使用Homebrew 安装GhostScript 了。我所要做的就是安装xQuarts,GhostScript显然需要它。但是,我的初始问题仍未解决! gs
现在可以在终端中使用:
gs
但我的保存功能 STILL在Python中不起作用,现在我确定我安装了GhostScript!每当我运行保存功能时,我仍然继续在IDLE中收到此错误:
:~ #######$ gs
GPL Ghostscript 9.18 (2015-10-05)
Copyright (C) 2015 Artifex Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
This software comes with NO WARRANTY: see the file PUBLIC for details.
还有什么问题?
编辑#3: Here是我的Python脚本,以防万一需要。
- 编辑#4已移除 -
编辑#5:我有一个小预感,这很重要,所以我把它放在那里。每当我在终端中运行FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'gs'
时,我都会收到不重要的警告,但出于某种原因,这个警告很突出。我真的不知道为什么,但无论如何,这里是:
brew doctor
也许这就是造成我问题的原因?如果是这样,我该如何解决?
编辑#6:显然它适用于其他人(包括Windows和Mac),但仍然不适合我!每当我运行程序的Warning: Python is installed at /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
Homebrew only supports building against the System-provided Python or a
brewed Python. In particular, Pythons installed to /Library can interfere
with other software installs.
函数时,我仍会继续收到此错误:
savefirst()
真的很奇怪,因为line 2395, in savefirst
im.save(hen + '.jpg')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 1646, in save
self.load()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py", line 337, in load
self.im = Ghostscript(self.tile, self.size, self.fp, scale)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/EpsImagePlugin.py", line 143, in Ghostscript
stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py", line 950, in __init__
restore_signals, start_new_session)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py", line 1544, in _execute_child
raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'gs'
在终端工作并且这个:
gs
适用于Python IDLE。但由于某种原因,Python Imaging Library(PIL)仍然 检测x=subprocess.Popen(['/usr/local/bin/gs', '--version'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
print(x.stdout.read())
(可能是因为它的subprocess.Popen()函数?)。这是为什么? 我的Macintosh上安装了xQuarts,GhostScript和PIL ,但是当我运行gs
功能时,仍然出错! 为什么?
P.S。这一切都发生在Macintosh(OS 10.11.2)上,因此熟悉Macintosh的人的答案是首选!
- 编辑#7已移除 -
编辑#8:好的,我终于能够永久地(希望......)将savefirst()
添加到我的路径中(如下所示):
/usr/local/bin/gs
我通过运行Library/usr/local/bin/gs:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin://anaconda/bin:/Users/Rohan/anaconda/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/X11/bin
然后输入:
pico ~MyName/.bash_profile
进入PATH="Library/usr/local/bin/gs:${PATH}"
export PATH
文件。但是,我仍然继续在Python中获得/.bash.profile
!我是以错误的方式将FileNotFoundError
附加到我的PATH,还是在错误的目录中? 如果不是这样,那么为什么Python成像库仍然无法找到/usr/local/bin/gs
??
编辑#9:华友世纪!问题解决了!该错误不再出现。我所要做的就是从我的Mac路径中删除gs
,然后显然将它添加到我的PYTHONPATH中,就像在程序开始时一样:
/usr/local/bin/gs
好哇!有用! PIL现在可以找到os.environ["PATH"] += ":/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/bin/gs"
,并且可以将画布保存为JPEG,尽管它的分辨率非常低,但这是另一个问题的问题。现在,我很高兴初始问题得到解决,我终于可以将画布保存为JPEG(感谢@Copperfield!):)
答案 0 :(得分:1)
只是一个想法:检查PIL的code,它使用shutil模块查找执行gs
的{{1}}可能您需要修改一些环境变量,直到那工作?
修改强>
在聊天室里聊天,我们发现似乎是什么问题,subprocess.Popen无法找到shutil.which("gs")
,但我们陷入了困境。任何想法??
编辑2
我找到了一个可行的解决方案,首先我从我的路径中移除了gs
,然后我尝试了这个
gs
使我的代码能够完成以下所做的更改:
>>> import os,shutil,subprocess
>>> shutil.which("gswin64c") # shutil.which("gs")
>>> test = subprocess.Popen(["gswin64c","--version"],stdout=subprocess.PIPE) # subprocess.Popen(["gs","--version"],stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
test = subprocess.Popen(["gswin64c","--version"],stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
File "C:\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 950, in __init__
restore_signals, start_new_session)
File "C:\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 1220, in _execute_child
startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] El sistema no puede encontrar el archivo especificado
>>> os.environ["PATH"]
'C:\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\Anaconda3;C:\\Anaconda3\\Scripts;C:\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\ProgramData\\Oracle\\Java\\javapath;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Haskell\\bin;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Haskell Platform\\2013.2.0.0\\lib\\extralibs\\bin;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Haskell Platform\\2013.2.0.0\\bin;C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\nodejs\\;C:\\Program Files\\MATLAB\\R2009a\\bin;C:\\Program Files\\MATLAB\\R2009a\\bin\\win64;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Haskell Platform\\2013.2.0.0\\mingw\\bin;C:\\Program Files\\MiKTeX 2.9\\miktex\\bin\\x64\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Skype\\Phone\\;C:\\Anaconda3;C:\\Anaconda3\\Scripts;C:\\Anaconda3\\Library\\bin;C:\\Users\\David\\AppData\\Roaming\\cabal\\bin;C:\\Users\\David\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Java\\jre7\\bin;C:\\Users\\David\\Dropbox\\Programas Random'
>>> os.environ["PATH"] += ";C:\\Program Files\\gs\\gs9.18\\bin"
>>> shutil.which("gswin64c")
'C:\\Program Files\\gs\\gs9.18\\bin\\gswin64c.EXE'
>>> test = subprocess.Popen(["gswin64c","--version"],stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> test.stdout.read()
b'9.18\n'
>>>
并测试它工作正常。
在你的情况下,可能是:
#this is very first import
import os
print("## Addind gs to environ ##", os.environ["PATH"] )
os.environ["PATH"] += ";C:\\Program Files\\gs\\gs9.18\\bin"
print("## Addind gs to environ ##", os.environ["PATH"] )
#then the others import, and everything else
是不起作用尝试使用其中一个
#this is very first import
import os
print("## Addind gs to environ ##", os.environ["PATH"] )
os.environ["PATH"] += ":/usr/local/bin"
print("## Addind gs to environ ##", os.environ["PATH"] )
#then the others import, and everything else
编辑3
随着此解决方案的工作,更自动化的版本可能是这样的:
os.environ["PATH"] += "Library/usr/local/bin"
os.environ["PATH"] = "/usr/local/bin:" + os.environ["PATH"]
os.environ["PATH"] = "Library/usr/local/bin:" + os.environ["PATH"]
答案 1 :(得分:0)
使用XQuartz 2.7.8(http://www.xquartz.org)无法在10.11.2上使用自制软件,相同的python版本进行复制。也找到了这个(https://discussions.apple.com/thread/1922974?tstart=0)
答案 2 :(得分:0)
看起来你错过了依赖。下载homebrew并从中安装ghostscript:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
...
brew install ghostscript
还可以使用brew info ghostscript
获取选项:
--with-djvu
Build drivers for DjVU file format
--with-x11
Build with x11 support
--HEAD
Install HEAD version
但默认安装通常是经过最严格测试的。