我很好奇许多字符串连接的性能。阅读Efficient string concatenation in C++后,我做了一些测试。但是不同编译器的结果是不同的。
这是我的代码。 (代码中的计时器来自here。)
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使用GCC 5.1在Ideone上测试得出结果:
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <chrono>
template<typename TimeT = std::chrono::milliseconds>
struct measure {
template<typename F, typename ...Args>
static typename TimeT::rep execution(F&& func, Args&&... args) {
auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
std::forward<decltype(func)>(func)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast< TimeT>
(std::chrono::system_clock::now() - start);
return duration.count();
}
};
std::string strAppend(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str.append(s);
return str;
}
std::string strOp(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str += s;
return str;
}
std::string strStream(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::ostringstream oss;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
oss << s;
return oss.str();
}
std::string strReserveAndOp(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
str.reserve(s.size() * cnt);
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str += s;
return str;
}
std::string strReserveAndAppend(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
str.reserve(s.size() * cnt);
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str.append(s);
return str;
}
int main() {
const std::string s("Hello world!");
const int cnt = 1000000 * 5;
std::cout << "ostringstream: " << measure<>::execution(strStream, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "+= operator: " << measure<>::execution(strOp, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "s.Append(): " << measure<>::execution(strAppend, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "s.Reserve() & +=: " << measure<>::execution(strReserveAndOp, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "s.Reserve() & s.Append(): " << measure<>::execution(strReserveAndAppend, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
}
其中ostringstream: 602ms
+= operator: 345ms
s.Append(): 336ms
s.Reserve() & +=: 224ms
s.Reserve() & s.Append(): 225ms
最慢,ostringstream
加速一点。
但是,在Visual Studio 2015社区中运行相同的代码时,结果如下:
reserve()
注意相对速度,ostringstream: 4413ms
+= operator: 9319ms
s.Append(): 8937ms
s.Reserve() & +=: 8966ms
s.Reserve() & s.Append(): 8815ms
变得最快,而ostringstream
似乎没有加速。
那为什么会这样?编译器优化还是其他什么?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
感谢Jamey D。看起来我猜是正确的。将优化从/Od
更改为/O2
后。结果是:
ostringstream: 1098ms
+= operator: 362ms
s.Append(): 356ms
s.Reserve() & +=: 216ms
s.Reserve() & s.Append(): 227ms
与GCC 5.1相同。