我有一个类似的问题。我正在尝试从美国人口普查地理编码器链接获取地址的坐标(纬度和经度)。我遵循了here提到的方法;但是,我没有得到所需的结果。让我说明我在3次尝试中遵循的步骤:
尝试#1(使用RCurl
):
url_geo <- "http://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address?form"
td.html <- getForm(url_geo,
submit = "Find",
street = "3211 Providence Dr",
city = "Anchorage",
state = "AK",
zip = "99508",
benchmark = "Public_AR_Current",
.opts = curlOptions(ssl.verifypeer = FALSE))
当我看到td.html
的输出时,它与您在上面的网页上执行“查看页面来源”时获得的输出相同。实际上,td.html应该包含在上面的网页中提交表单后出现的结果页面的详细信息。
尝试#2(使用httr
):
url_geo <- "http://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address?form"
fd1 <- list(
submit = "Find",
street = "3211 Providence Dr",
city = "Anchorage",
state = "AK",
zip = "99508",
benchmark = "Public_AR_Current"
)
resp1<-GET(url_geo, body=fd1, encode="form")
content(resp1)
resp1的内容与人们期望的非常不同。
尝试#3(使用rvest
):
url_geo <- "http://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address?form"
s <- html_session(url_geo)
f0 <- html_form(s)
在这里,我收到一个错误:
错误:当前页面似乎不是html。
请帮助我理解我做错了什么。如果您需要我的任何澄清,请告诉我。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
人口普查网站足以让你回到JSON(这是意料之外的,并且通过此次通话获得了很好的奖励):
library(httr)
library(jsonlite)
URL <- "http://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address"
res <- GET(URL,
query=list(street="3211 Providence Dr",
city="Anchorage",
state="AK",
zip="99508",
benchmark=4))
dat <- fromJSON(content(res, as="text"))
str(dat$result$addressMatches)
## 'data.frame': 1 obs. of 4 variables:
## $ matchedAddress : chr "3211 PROVIDENCE DR, ANCHORAGE, AK, 99508"
## $ coordinates :'data.frame': 1 obs. of 2 variables:
## ..$ x: num -150
## ..$ y: num 61.2
## $ tigerLine :'data.frame': 1 obs. of 2 variables:
## ..$ tigerLineId: chr "638504877"
## ..$ side : chr "L"
## $ addressComponents:'data.frame': 1 obs. of 12 variables:
## ..$ fromAddress : chr "3001"
## ..$ toAddress : chr "3399"
## ..$ preQualifier : chr ""
## ..$ preDirection : chr ""
## ..$ preType : chr ""
## ..$ streetName : chr "PROVIDENCE"
## ..$ suffixType : chr "DR"
## ..$ suffixDirection: chr ""
## ..$ suffixQualifier: chr ""
## ..$ city : chr "ANCHORAGE"
## ..$ state : chr "AK"
## ..$ zip : chr "99508"
您可以使用flatten
参数fromJSON
来处理数据框架中可怕数据结构中的数据框:
dat <- fromJSON(content(res, as="text"), flatten=TRUE)
dplyr::glimpse(dat$result$addressMatches)
## Observations: 1
## Variables: 17
## $ matchedAddress (chr) "3211 PROVIDENCE DR, ANCHORAGE, AK, 99508"
## $ coordinates.x (dbl) -149.8188
## $ coordinates.y (dbl) 61.18985
## $ tigerLine.tigerLineId (chr) "638504877"
## $ tigerLine.side (chr) "L"
## $ addressComponents.fromAddress (chr) "3001"
## $ addressComponents.toAddress (chr) "3399"
## $ addressComponents.preQualifier (chr) ""
## $ addressComponents.preDirection (chr) ""
## $ addressComponents.preType (chr) ""
## $ addressComponents.streetName (chr) "PROVIDENCE"
## $ addressComponents.suffixType (chr) "DR"
## $ addressComponents.suffixDirection (chr) ""
## $ addressComponents.suffixQualifier (chr) ""
## $ addressComponents.city (chr) "ANCHORAGE"
## $ addressComponents.state (chr) "AK"
## $ addressComponents.zip (chr) "99508"
这将它包装成一个更容易调用的函数:
#' Geocode address using the Census API
#'
#' @param steet Street
#' @param city City
#' @param state State
#' @param zip Zip code
#' @param benchmark "\code{current}" for this most current information,
#' "\code{2014}" for data from the 2014 U.S. ACS survey,
#' "\code{2010}" for data from the 2010 U.S. Census. This defaults
#' to "\code{current}".
#' @result \code{list} of query params and response values. If successful,
#' the geocoded values will be in \code{var$result$addressMatches}
census_geocode <- function(street, city, state, zip, benchmark="current") {
URL <- "http://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address"
bench <- c(`current`=4, `2014`=8, `2010`=9)[benchmark]
res <- GET(URL,
query=list(street=street, city=city, state=state,
zip=zip, benchmark=bench))
warn_for_status(res)
fromJSON(content(res, as="text"), flatten=TRUE)
}
census_geocode("3211 Providence Dr", "Anchorage", "AK", "99508")
答案 1 :(得分:0)
构建您的网址并直接提交生成的网址,绕过任何表单!例如,使用您选择的参数,您将获得以下URL:
urlgeo<-"http://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address?street=3211+Providence+Dr&city=Anchorage&state=AK&zip=99508&benchmark=4"
然后,您只需通过getURL
getURL(urlgeo)
将拥有所有必需的信息。要构建网址,只需paste
个参数,用+
替换任何空格。