我想在我的django项目中使用sphinx编写文档，并使用我的django代码注释自动创建文档。
现在我有一个django（1.9）项目，文件结构如下：
myproject/
myproject/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
myapp/
migrations/
__init__.py
admin.py
models.py
tests.py
views.py
docs/
_build/
_static/
_templates/
conf.py
index.rst
Makefile
然后，如您所见，我放置了一个docs文件夹，其中包含 Sphinx doc项目。
现在我可以修改*.rst个文件和build html。
但是当我尝试autodoc内容时，它失败了。
以下是我的所作所为：
首先，我将这些内容添加到docs/conf.py，ref：https://stackoverflow.com/a/12969839/2544762：
# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'
然后，我做了sphinx-apidoc动作：
sphinx-apidoc -o docs/documentation .
之后，在docs/documentations中，我收到了一些.rst个文件：
myproject/
docs/
documentations/
myapp.rst
myapp.migrations.rst
myproject.rst
manage.rst
modules.rst
在那之后，我运行make html，并且警惕：
sphinx-build -b html -d _build/doctrees . _build/html
Running Sphinx v1.3.3
loading translations [zh_CN]... done
loading pickled environment... done
building [mo]: targets for 0 po files that are out of date
building [html]: targets for 3 source files that are out of date
updating environment: 2 added, 3 changed, 0 removed
reading sources... [100%] documentation/modules
/home/alfred/app/myproject/docs/documentation/core.rst:25: WARNING: autodoc: failed to import module 'core.models'; the following exception was raised:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/sphinx/ext/autodoc.py", line 385, in import_object
__import__(self.modname)
File "/home/alfred/app/myproject/myapp/models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 49, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 94, in __new__
app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 239, in get_containing_app_config
self.check_apps_ready()
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
/home/alfred/app/myproject/docs/documentation/core.migrations.rst:10: WARNING: autodoc: failed to import module 'core.migrations.0001_initial'; the following exception was raised:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/sphinx/ext/autodoc.py", line 385, in import_object
__import__(self.modname)
File "/home/alfred/app/myproject/myapp/migrations/0001_initial.py", line 7, in <module>
import django.contrib.auth.models
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 49, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 94, in __new__
app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 239, in get_containing_app_config
self.check_apps_ready()
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
/home/alfred/app/myproject/docs/documentation/myproject.rst:10: WARNING: invalid signature for automodule ('myproject.settings-sample')
/home/alfred/app/myproject/docs/documentation/myproject.rst:10: WARNING: don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'myproject.settings-sample' (try placing a "module" or "currentmodule" directive in the document, or giving an explicit module name)
/home/alfred/app/myproject/docs/documentation/myproject.rst:26: WARNING: autodoc: failed to import module 'myproject.urls'; the following exception was raised:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/sphinx/ext/autodoc.py", line 385, in import_object
__import__(self.modname)
File "/home/alfred/app/myproject/myproject/urls.py", line 20, in <module>
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py", line 303, in urls
return self.get_urls(), 'admin', self.name
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py", line 258, in get_urls
from django.contrib.contenttypes import views as contenttype_views
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/views.py", line 5, in <module>
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 159, in <module>
class ContentType(models.Model):
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 94, in __new__
app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 239, in get_containing_app_config
self.check_apps_ready()
File "/home/alfred/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
looking for now-outdated files... none found
pickling environment... done
checking consistency... /home/alfred/app/myproject/docs/documentation/modules.rst:: WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree
done
preparing documents... done
writing output... [100%] index
generating indices... genindex py-modindex
writing additional pages... search
copying static files... done
copying extra files... done
dumping search index in English (code: en) ... done
dumping object inventory... done
build succeeded, 6 warnings.
Build finished. The HTML pages are in _build/html.
我做错了什么？如何使用django代码构建文档？
答案 0 :(得分：34)
很长时间才找到解决方案：
在conf.py中，添加以下内容：
import django
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'
django.setup()