我创建了一个程序，用户可以使用任何一个键“H”，“E”，“L”，“O”，“W”，“R”，“D”，并且乌龟将绘制相应的乌龟图形窗口中的字母。首先询问用户是否要从默认值更改字母尺寸，然后，根据他们的答案，他们将被要求提供新的字母高度/宽度，或者被要求输入颜色名称。然后，当程序运行时，用户也可以按F1-F10中的任意键改变字母颜色，任何数字从1-0（0 = 10）改变每个字母的厚度，甚至可以从按下“k”时出现的对话框中改变字母尺寸，也可以在对话框中输入一个值完全我在哪里有问题！但首先，这是我的程序的代码：
""" A simple typing program
Press "H" to draw an H
Press "E" to draw an E
Press "L" to draw a L
Press "O" to draw an O
Press "W" to draw a W
Press "R" to draw a R
Press "D" to draw a D
Press "ENTER" to go to the next line
Press "TAB" to make an indent
Press "BACKSPACE" to go backwards an indent
Press the "Up" or "Down" arrow keys to move the turtle up or down the canvas
Press "SPACE" to clear the canvas of your drawings
Press "ESC" to exit the program
Press any number from 1-0 on the key board (1 = 1, 0 = 10) to set the letter thickness
Press any key from F1-F10 to set a random color of the letter
(F1-F8 = colors, F9 = Custom Color, F10 = Original color)
That is all you need to know! Enjoy! """
from turtle import *
from tkinter import *
import math
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
import copy
# Function variables
space_width = 30 # Default value: 30
letter_height = 100 # Default value: 100
letter_width = 50 # Default value: 50
change = (input("Would you like to change the size of the letters from the defult value? y/any other input: "))
y = ("yes")
n = ("no")
if change in y:
try:
while True:
try:
letter_height = int(input("Enter a value from 1-170 to set the height of each letter in pixels: "))
break
except ValueError:
print("That is not an integer! Please enter an integer from 1-170!")
while letter_height > 170:
try:
letter_height = int(input("That value is too much. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
while letter_height < 1:
letter_height = int(input("That value is too little. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
except ValueError:
print("That is not an integer! Please enter an integer from 1-170!")
while letter_height < 1:
try:
letter_height = int(input("That value is too little. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
while letter_height > 170:
letter_height = int(input("That value is too much. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
except ValueError:
print("That is not an integer! Please enter an integer from 1-170!")
while True:
try:
letter_width = int(input("Enter a value from 1-170 to set the width of each letter in pixels: "))
break
except ValueError:
print("That is not an integer! Please enter an integer from 1-170!")
while letter_width > 170:
try:
letter_width = int(input("That value is too much. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
while letter_width < 1:
letter_width = int(input("That value is too little. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
except ValueError:
print("That is not an integer! Please enter an integer from 1-170!")
while letter_width < 1:
try:
letter_width = int(input("That value is too little. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
while letter_width > 170:
letter_width = int(input("That value is too much. Please reenter a value from 1-170: "))
except ValueError:
print("That is not an integer! Please enter an integer from 1-170!")
break
except:
input("That is not an answer! Please enter either y or n!: ")
elif change in n:
space_width = 30 # Default value: 30
letter_height = 100 # Default value: 100
letter_width = 50 # Default value: 50
#The 'while' loop below will tell the user to choose a color name, but if the color is invalid, an exception is thrown, and the user must reenter a color name until a valid color name is entered.
while True:
try:
pen_color=input("Enter a color name to set the pen color: ")
pencolor(pen_color)
break
except:
print("That is either not an available color or not a valid color name. Please reenter the name of another color or a valid one.")
def NewLetterDimensions():
global letter_height
letter_height = (numinput("New Letter Height", "Please set the new letter height: ", minval = 10, maxval = 170))
global letter_width
letter_width = (numinput("New Letter Width", "Please set the new letter width: ", minval = 10, maxval = 170))
penup()
goto(xcor(), ycor() +letter_height)
pendown()
listen()
def draw_space():
# Add a space 30 pixels wide.
penup()
forward(space_width)
pendown()
def move_turtle():
# Pick up the turtle and move it to its starting location.
penup()
goto(-200, 100)
pendown()
def draw_H():
# Draw the left leg of H.
# The turtle starts at the bottom left of the letter, pointing right.
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
# Draw the bar of the H.
# The turtle starts at the top of the left leg, pointing up.
forward(-letter_height/2)
right(90)
forward(letter_width)
# Draw the right leg of the H.
# The turtle starts at the right side of the bar, pointing right.
left(90)
forward(letter_height/2)
forward(-letter_height)
right(90)
# The H is drawn.
# The turtle is in the top right, pointing right.
draw_space()
def draw_E():
# Draw an E.
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
right(90)
forward(letter_width)
forward(-letter_width)
right(90)
forward(letter_height/2)
left(90)
forward(letter_width)
forward(-letter_width)
right(90)
forward(letter_height/2)
left(90)
forward(letter_width)
draw_space()
def draw_L():
# Draw an L
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
forward(-letter_height)
right(90)
forward(letter_width)
draw_space()
def draw_O():
# Draw an O
forward(letter_width)
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
left(90)
forward(letter_width)
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
left(90)
forward(letter_width)
draw_space()
def draw_newline():
# This funtion will pick up the turtle and move it to a second line below HELLO
penup()
goto(xcor(), ycor() -letter_height-5)
pendown()
def draw_W():
# This function will draw a W
left(105)
forward(letter_height)
backward(letter_height)
right(40)
forward(letter_height/2)
right(131)
forward(letter_height/2)
left(141)
forward(letter_height)
right(165)
penup()
forward(letter_height)
left(90)
draw_space()
def draw_second_O():
# This function will draw the O in "world"
forward(letter_width)
right(90)
forward(letter_height)
right(90)
forward(letter_width)
right(90)
forward(letter_height)
right(90)
penup()
forward(letter_width)
right(90)
forward(letter_height)
left(90)
draw_space()
def draw_R(letter_width, letter_height):
# This function will draw an R
slant_height = (math.sqrt(letter_width**2 + (letter_height/2)**2))
slant_angle = (90+(90-(math.degrees(math.acos(letter_width/slant_height)))))
space_angle = (180 - slant_angle)
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
right(90)
forward(letter_width)
right(90)
forward(letter_height/2)
right(90)
forward(letter_width)
left(slant_angle)
forward(slant_height)
left(space_angle)
draw_space()
def draw_D(letter_width, letter_height):
# This function will draw a REAL D
angle_height = math.sqrt(letter_width**2 + (letter_height/2)**2)
D_angle = (90+(math.degrees(math.acos(letter_width/angle_height))))
Second_D_angle = ((90 - (D_angle-90)) + (90-(math.degrees(math.acos(letter_width/angle_height)))))
D_space_angle = (math.degrees(math.atan(letter_width/(letter_height/2))))
left(90)
forward(letter_height)
right(D_angle)
forward(angle_height)
right(Second_D_angle)
forward(angle_height)
left(90+D_space_angle)
penup()
forward(letter_width)
draw_space()
def skip(x, y):
penup()
goto(x, y)
pendown()
def back():
penup()
bk(letter_width + space_width)
pendown()
def walk():
penup()
forward(letter_width + space_width)
pendown()
def soar():
penup()
left(90)
forward(letter_height + 5)
right(90)
pendown()
def fall():
penup()
right(90)
forward(letter_height + 5)
left(90)
pendown()
setup(1.0, 1.0)
def RotateRight():
right(90)
def RotateLeft():
left(90)
def Up():
penup()
goto(xcor(),ycor()+(letter_height+5))
pendown()
def width1():
width(1)
def width2():
width(2)
def width3():
width(3)
def width4():
width(4)
def width5():
width(5)
def width6():
width(6)
def width7():
width(7)
def width8():
width(8)
def width9():
width(9)
def width10():
width(10)
def Blue():
color("blue")
def Red():
color("red")
def DarkGreen():
color("dark green")
def Purple():
color("purple")
def Pink():
color("pink")
def Brown():
color("brown")
def Orange():
color("orange")
def Black():
color("Black")
def OriginalColor():
color(pen_color)
def getColor():
Color = askcolor()
color_name = Color[1]
colormode(255)
color(color_name)
move_turtle()
speed(0)
color(pen_color)
listen()
##onkey(Color, "F10")
onkey(NewLetterDimensions, "k")
onkey(width1, "1")
onkey(width2, "2")
onkey(width3, "3")
onkey(width4, "4")
onkey(width5, "5")
onkey(width6, "6")
onkey(width7, "7")
onkey(width8, "8")
onkey(width9, "9")
onkey(width10, "0")
onkey(Blue, "F1")
onkey(Red, "F2")
onkey(DarkGreen, "F3")
onkey(Purple, "F4")
onkey(Pink, "F5")
onkey(Brown, "F6")
onkey(Orange, "F7")
onkey(Black, "F8")
onkey(getColor, "F9")
onkey(OriginalColor, "F10")
onscreenclick(goto)
onscreenclick(skip)
onkey(clear, "space")
onkey(back, "BackSpace")
onkey(walk, "Tab")
onkey(Up, "Up")
onkey(draw_H, "h")
onkey(bye, "Escape")
onkey(draw_E, "e")
onkey(draw_L, "l")
onkey(draw_O, "o")
onkey(draw_W, "w")
onkey(lambda: draw_R(letter_width, letter_height), "r")
onkey(lambda: draw_D(letter_width, letter_height), "d")
onkey(draw_newline, "Return")
以下是我遇到此问题的地方：
def NewLetterDimensions():
global letter_height
letter_height = (numinput("New Letter Height", "Please set the new letter height: ", minval = 10, maxval = 170))
global letter_width
letter_width = (numinput("New Letter Width", "Please set the new letter width: ", minval = 10, maxval = 170))
penup()
goto(xcor(), ycor() +letter_height)
pendown()
listen()
问题是，当对话框出现时，用户选择“取消”而不是输入值，我收到此错误：
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/idlelib/run.py", line 119, in main
seq, request = rpc.request_queue.get(block=True, timeout=0.05)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/queue.py", line 172, in get
raise Empty
queue.Empty
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/tkinter/__init__.py", line 1549, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/turtle.py", line 686, in eventfun
fun()
File "/Users/Rohan/Google Drive/K12 High School Documents/Computer_Science/section_5/assignment_5a.py", line 111, in NewLetterDimensions
goto(xcor(), ycor() +letter_height)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'float' and 'NoneType
用户按Enter键当然不会返回任何内容，但显然，由于某种原因，这不能用于操作。那么，我怎么能这样做，如果用户取消对话框，程序可以从之前的高度/宽度设置继续，以便错误不会出现？关于这个问题的任何帮助非常感谢！ ：）
答案 0 :(得分：0)
正如您所看到的，当您尝试将float添加到letter_height时，错误位于width1()函数的第117行。
您可以检查width12()是否为无;如果是，则返回相同的尺寸，否则更新它们。
此外，原始width函数已经接受参数size，而不是将函数for number in range(0, 11):
onkey(width(number), str(number % 10))
定义为https://gcm-http.googleapis.com/gcm/send
Content-Type:application/json
Authorization:key=I_PUT_THIS_AS_A_SAMPLE
，因此您可以像这样绑定按钮：
{
"data": {
"score": "5x1",
"time": "15:10"
},
"to": "SAMPLE_SAMPLE"
}