将SQLite数据库从一个版本升级到另一个版本?

时间:2010-08-06 13:23:27

标签: java android sqlite upgrade

我从Logcat收到错误,说某个列(在我的SQLiteOpenHelper子类中)不存在。我以为我可以通过更改DATABASE_CREATE字符串来升级数据库。但显然不是,那么我如何(逐步)将我的SQLite数据库从版本1升级到版本2?

如果问题似乎是“noobish”,我道歉,但我仍然在学习Android。

@ Pentium10这就是我在onUpgrade中所做的:

private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

....

switch (upgradeVersion) {
case 1:
    db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE task ADD body TEXT");
    upgradeVersion = 2;
    break;
}

...

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:47)

好的,在你遇到更大问题之前你应该知道SQLite在ALTER TABLE命令上是有限的,它只允许addrename删除/删除这是通过重新创建表来完成的。

您应始终拥有新的表创建查询,并使用该查询进行升级并传输任何现有数据。注意:onUpgrade方法为你的sqlite帮助器对象运行一个,你需要处理其中的所有表。

那么建议使用升级:

  • 的BeginTransaction
  • 使用if not exists运行表创建(我们正在进行升级,因此表可能尚未存在,它将无法更改和删除)
  • 列出现有列List<String> columns = DBUtils.GetColumns(db, TableName);
  • 备用表(ALTER table " + TableName + " RENAME TO 'temp_" + TableName
  • 创建新表(最新的表创建架构)
  • 获取与新列的交集,这次是从升级后的表格中取得的列(columns.retainAll(DBUtils.GetColumns(db, TableName));
  • 恢复数据(String cols = StringUtils.join(columns, ","); db.execSQL(String.format( "INSERT INTO %s (%s) SELECT %s from temp_%s", TableName, cols, cols, TableName));
  • 删除备用表(DROP table 'temp_" + TableName
  • setTransactionSuccessful

public static List<String> GetColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
    List<String> ar = null;
    Cursor c = null;
    try {
        c = db.rawQuery("select * from " + tableName + " limit 1", null);
        if (c != null) {
            ar = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(c.getColumnNames()));
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.v(tableName, e.getMessage(), e);
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        if (c != null)
            c.close();
    }
    return ar;
}

public static String join(List<String> list, String delim) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    int num = list.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        if (i != 0)
            buf.append(delim);
        buf.append((String) list.get(i));
    }
    return buf.toString();
}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

以下是我升级数据库的方法。

在我的应用的先前版本中,gameType列不存在。在新版本中,确实如此。

  void upgradeDatabase() throws IOException {
    try {
      String column = DatabaseConstants.GAME_TYPE_COLUMN_NAME; // gameType
      String table = DatabaseConstants.RECORDS_TABLE;
      String query = String.format("SELECT %s FROM %s LIMIT 1", column, table);
      database.rawQuery(query, null);
      return;
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      // Column doesn't exist. User had old version of app installed, so upgrade database.
    }

    // Save all old data
    String query = "SELECT * FROM " + DatabaseConstants.USERS_TABLE;
    Cursor c = database.rawQuery(query, null);
    List<List<Object>> values1 = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();
    if (c.moveToFirst()) {
      while (!c.isAfterLast()) {
        List<Object> record = new ArrayList<Object>();
        record.add(c.getInt(0));
        record.add(c.getString(1));
        values1.add(record);
        c.moveToNext();
      }
    }
    c.close();

    query = "SELECT * FROM " + DatabaseConstants.RECORDS_TABLE;
    c = database.rawQuery(query, null);
    List<List<Object>> values2 = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();
    if (c.moveToFirst()) {
      while (!c.isAfterLast()) {
        List<Object> record = new ArrayList<Object>();
        record.add(c.getInt(0));
        record.add(c.getInt(1));
        record.add(c.getInt(2));
        record.add(c.getInt(3));
        values2.add(record);
        c.moveToNext();
      }
    }
    c.close();

    // Copy empty database with new schema
    copyDatabase();

    // Restore all old data
    for (List<Object> record : values1) {
      ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.ID_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(0));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.USERNAME_COLUMN_NAME, record.get(1).toString());
      database.insert(DatabaseConstants.USERS_TABLE, null, cv);
    }
    for (List<Object> record : values2) {
      ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.USER_ID_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(0));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.GAME_TYPE_COLUMN_NAME, GameType.CLASSIC.name());
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.WINS_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(1));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.LOSSES_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(2));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.TIES_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(3));
      database.insert(DatabaseConstants.RECORDS_TABLE, null, cv);
    }
  }

这是复制数据库文件的代码。数据库最初是空的,我在我的应用程序之外创建它。 (我使用了一个名为Navicat for SQLite的程序。)

  public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
    super(context, DatabaseConstants.DATABASE_NAME, null, 1);
    this.context = context;
    databasePath = context.getDatabasePath(DatabaseConstants.DATABASE_NAME).getPath();
  }

  void copyDatabase() throws IOException {
    InputStream is = context.getAssets().open(DatabaseConstants.DATABASE_NAME); // data.db
    OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(databasePath);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int length;
    while ((length = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {
      os.write(buffer, 0, length);
    }

    // Close the streams.
    os.flush();
    os.close();
    is.close();
  }

答案 2 :(得分:1)

对于绝大多数情况,不会像以下那样容易吗?只需为每个版本升级添加新列:

private static final String DATABASE_ALTER_TEAM_1 = "ALTER TABLE "
    + TABLE_TEAM + " ADD COLUMN " + COLUMN_COACH + " string;";

private static final String DATABASE_ALTER_TEAM_2 = "ALTER TABLE "
    + TABLE_TEAM + " ADD COLUMN " + COLUMN_STADIUM + " string;";

@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
    if (oldVersion < 2) {
         db.execSQL(DATABASE_ALTER_TEAM_1);
    }
    if (oldVersion < 3) {
         db.execSQL(DATABASE_ALTER_TEAM_2);
    }
}

有关详细信息,请查看此blog