Question

看看下面的database.txt文件：

donald
duck
123456
donald@duck.com
--------------------
suzy
giraffe
78910
suzy@giraffe.com
--------------------

我需要将该文件创建一个如下所示的二维字典：

dict = {
       'donald': {'fname': donald, 'lname': duck, 'phone': 123456, 'email': donald@duck.com}
       'suzy':   {'fname': suzy, 'lname': giraffe, 'phone': 78910, 'email': suzy@giraffe.com}
       }

程序应该使用第一个名称并使用它创建一个键，然后再取出其他所有内容，包括第一个名称，并创建第二个字典，其他键作为键的元素。当它到达“--------------------”时，它应该重新开始这个过程。目标是能够使用字典：

dict['donald']['phone'] = 123456
dict['suzy']['email'] = suzy@giraffe.com

我到目前为止，我从文件中取出所有内容，并在从字符串中删除换行符后将其放入列表中。

fhandle = open(input("Enter the database filename: "), "r")
    lines = []
    with fhandle as insert:
        for line in insert:
            cleaned_line = line.replace("\n", "")
            lines.append(cleaned_line)

任何想法??

Answer 1

作为一种快速解决方案，我会做类似的事情：

def parse_dict(name, lname, phone, email):
    return (name, {"lname": lname, "phone": phone, "email": email})


with open("test.data") as f:
    line_list = f.readlines()


data = {}
entry = []
for line in line_list:
    if not line.startswith("---"):
        entry.append(line.strip())
    else:
        # Send to process:
        name, record = parse_dict(*entry)
        data[name] = record
        # Reset entry:
        entry = []

print data, "\n"
print data["donald"], "\n"
print data["donald"]["email"], "\n"

输出：

{'donald': {'lname': 'duck', 'phone': '123456', 'email': 'donald@duck.com'}, 'suzy': {'lname': 'giraffe', 'phone': '78910', 'email': 'suzy@giraffe.com'}} 

{'lname': 'duck', 'phone': '123456', 'email': 'donald@duck.com'} 

donald@duck.com

Answer 2

您可以使用常见的字符串操作（ split() ， strip() 等）来执行此操作：

with open('database.txt', 'r') as f:
    results = dict()

    for line in f.read().strip().split('--------------------'):
        if line.strip() != "":
            first_name, last_name, phone, email = line.strip().split('\n')
            results[first_name] = dict(first_name=first_name, last_name=last_name, phone=phone, email=email)

    print results

使用 list and dict comprehensions 执行完全相同的其他方式：

with open('database.txt', 'r') as f:
    results = {first_name:dict(first_name=first_name, last_name=last_name, phone=phone, email=email) for first_name, last_name, phone, email in [line.strip().split('\n') for line in f.read().split('--------------------') if line.strip() != ""]}
    print results

两种情况的输出相同：

{
    'donald': {
        'phone': '123456',
        'first_name': 'donald',
        'last_name': 'duck',
        'email': 'donald@duck.com'
    },
    'suzy': {
        'phone': '78910',
        'first_name': 'suzy',
        'last_name': 'giraffe',
        'email': 'suzy@giraffe.com'
    }
}

Answer 3

用词汇理解：

keys = ['fname', 'lname', 'phone', 'email']

with open('database.txt', 'r') as stream:
    a = stream.read().split('--------------------\n')
    print({i.split('\n')[0]: dict(zip(keys, i.split('\n'))) for i in a})

输出：

{
    "suzy": {
        "email": "suzy@giraffe.com", 
        "fname": "suzy", 
        "lname": "giraffe", 
        "phone": "78910"
        }, 
    "donald": {
        "email": "donald@duck.com", 
        "fname": "donald", 
        "lname": "duck", 
        "phone": "123456"
        }
}

从文件中读取行以制作2D字典[python]

3 个答案: