MASM为什么不递减寄存器找到数组中的下一个值?

时间:2015-12-03 00:24:45

标签: arrays assembly masm 32-bit palindrome

我正在测试输入的字符串是否是回文,方法是取字符串,将其移动到字符数组中,并将char数组的第一个和最后一个元素相互比较以进行测试。我可以让数组的第一个元素轻松找到第二个字符,但要找到最后一个可接受的值并减少它,它就找不到数组中的下一个字符。因此,如果更正/清理的char数组如下所示:

[ 'A'] [ 'B'] [ 'C'] [ 'd'] [ 'A']

ebx将来自'A' - > 'B'但edi不会改变'A' - > 'd'

为什么ebx会改变字符,但edi只从它的寄存器值中减去1?如果让edi更改字符值,我该怎么办?谢谢!

C ++代码:(以防万一)

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

extern"C"
{
char stringClean(char *, int);
char isPalindrome(char *, int);
}

int main()
{
int pal = 0;
const int SIZE = 30;
string candidate = "";
char strArray[SIZE] = { '\0' };

cout << "enter a string to be tested: ";
getline(cin, candidate);


int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < candidate.length(); i++)        //getting rid of garbage before entering into array
{
    if (candidate[i] <= 'Z' && candidate[i] >= 'A' || candidate[i] <= 'z' && candidate[i] >= 'a')
    {
        strArray[j] = candidate[i];
        j++;
    }
}

if (int pleaseWork = stringClean(strArray, SIZE) == 0)
    pal = isPalindrome(strArray, SIZE);

if (pal == 1)
    cout << "Your string is a palindrome!" << endl;
else
    cout << "Your string is NOT a palindrome!" << endl;

system("pause");
return 0;
}

masm code:

.686
.model flat
.code

_isPalindrome PROC ; named _test because C automatically prepends an underscode, it is needed to interoperate
    push ebp
    mov ebp,esp ; stack pointer to ebp

    mov ebx,[ebp+8] ; address of first array element
    mov ecx,[ebp+12] ; number of elements in array
    mov ebp,0
    mov edx,0
    mov eax,0
    push edi    ;save this
    push ebx    ;save this

    mov edi, ebx    ;make a copy of first element in array
    add edi, 29     ;move SIZE-1 (30 - 1 = 29) elements down to, HOPEFULLY, the last element in array

    mov bl, [ebx]
    mov dl, [edi]

    cmp dl, 0           ;checks if last element is null
    je nextElement      ;if null, find next
    jne Comparison      ;else, start comparing at Comparison:

nextElement:
    dec edi             ;finds next element
    mov dl, [edi]       ;move next element into lower edx
    cmp dl, 0           ;checks if new element is mull
    je nextElement      ;if null, find next
    jne Comparison      ;else, start comparing at Comparison:

Comparison:
    cmp bl,dl           ;compares first element and last REAL element
    je testNext         ;jump to textNext: for further testing

    mov eax,1           ;returns 1 (false) because the test failed
    jne allDone         ;jump to allDoneNo because it's not a palindrome

testNext:
    dec edi     ;finds last good element -1 --------THIS ISN'T DOING the right thing
    inc ebx             ;finds second element

    cmp ebx, edi        ;checks if elements are equal because that has tested all elements
    je allDone          

    ;mov bl,[ebx]       ;move incremented ebx into bl
    ;mov dl,[edi]       ;move decremented edi into dl
    jmp Comparison      ;compare newly acquired elements



allDone:
    xor eax, eax
    mov ebp, eax

    pop edi
    pop edx
    pop ebp
    ret
_isPalindrome ENDP

END 

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

我没有测试过你的代码,但看着它我注意到了一些可能的问题。

  

为什么ebx会改变字符

看起来就是这样,但这不是你试图达到的目的。在初始阶段之后,您注释掉了从内存/数组中读取字符的行(见下文)。所以事实上,你确实改变了 EBX中的角色,但不是你期望的(并且据称是想要的)。使用INC EBX,您将char值从“A”(65dec)增加到“B”(66dec)。 'B'也是字符串的第二个字符只是巧合。尝试将字符串从ABCDA更改为ARRCD或其他东西,你仍然会在第二轮获得'B'。所以EBX确实发生了变化。

...
;mov bl,[ebx]       ;move incremented ebx into bl
;mov dl,[edi]       ;move decremented edi into dl
jmp Comparison      ;compare newly acquired elements
...
  

但是edi只从它的寄存器值中减去1?   如果让edi更改字符值,我该怎么做?

是。这就是你的代码所做的,而且是正确的。取消注释上面包含[edi]的行,EDI指向的char将加载到EDX = DL的低位字节。

您的代码的问题在于您将EBX用作指针和(char)值。将下一个char加载到EBX中会破坏指针,并且您的程序很可能在下一次迭代中使用ACCESS_VIOLATION崩溃或显示难以调试的随机行为。

与您使用EDI / EDX完成的值分开指针(EDI =指向char的指针,EDX(DL)= char值。

另一个问题是:您的代码仅适用于奇数长度的字符串。

testNext:
    dec edi         ; !!!
    inc ebx         ; !!!
cmp ebx, edi        ; checks if elements are equal because that has tested all elements
je allDone  

所以你要增加和减少(应该是)指针然后比较它们。现在考虑一个偶数长度字符串的情况:

  ABBA
  ^  ^   (EBX(first) and EDI(second))
=> dec both =>
  ABBA
   ^^    (EBX(first) and EDI(second))
=> dec both =>
  ABBA
   ^^    (EDI(first) and EBX(second))
=> dec both =>
  ABBA
  ^  ^   (EDI(first) and EBX(second))
=> dec both =>
  ABBA
 ^    ^  (EDI(first) and EBX(second)) 
... 

=&GT;问题!不会终止,条件EBX = EDI永远不会被满足*    可能的解决方案:在跳转

中添加A(在无符号值以上=大于)
...
cmp ebx, edi
jae allDone