如何在C＃中创建硬链接？请问任何代码片段？
答案 0 :(得分：35)
BCL不提供此功能，因此您必须使用p / invoke
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode )]
static extern bool CreateHardLink(
string lpFileName,
string lpExistingFileName,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes
);
并使用它，例如喜欢
CreateHardLink(@"c:\temp\New Link", @"c:\temp\Original File",IntPtr.Zero);
答案 1 :(得分：32)
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode )]
static extern bool CreateHardLink(
string lpFileName,
string lpExistingFileName,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes
);
用法：
CreateHardLink(newLinkPath,sourcePath, IntPtr.Zero);
答案 2 :(得分：11)
如果您的意思是NTFS硬链接：
以下是（an introduction of text on dotnetspark）：
不幸的是，.NET Framework既不支持硬链接也不支持软链接。因此，您需要深入了解Windows API以允许您的应用程序使用此功能。 您可以使用单个代码行创建一个硬链接，只需调用驻留在Kernel32.dll库中的Win32函数CreateHardLink（）即可。该功能的定义如下：
BOOL CreateHardLink(
LPCTSTR lpFileName,
LPCTSTR lpExistingFileName,
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes
);
答案 3 :(得分：0)
如果您只想创建指向文件的答案的硬链接
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
...
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode )]
static extern bool CreateHardLink(
string lpFileName,
string lpExistingFileName,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes
);
似乎是最好的。
但是，如果您想创建一个文件夹的硬链接，那么会有些棘手。
Here我找到了一些代码来创建/删除文件夹硬链接（连接）。我测试了代码，它正常工作了。
我将代码发布在这里，以防站点离线：
JunctionPoint.cs
// File: RollThroughLibrary/CreateMaps/JunctionPoint.cs
// User: Adrian Hum/
//
// Created: 2017-11-19 2:46 PM
// Modified: 2017-11-19 6:10 PM
using System;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
namespace CreateMaps
{
/// <summary>
/// Provides access to NTFS junction points in .Net.
/// </summary>
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "InconsistentNaming")]
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "UnusedMember.Local")]
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "MemberCanBePrivate.Local")]
[SuppressMessage("ReSharper", "FieldCanBeMadeReadOnly.Local")]
public static class JunctionPoint
{
/// <summary>
/// The file or directory is not a reparse point.
/// </summary>
private const int ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT = 4390;
/// <summary>
/// The reparse point attribute cannot be set because it conflicts with an existing attribute.
/// </summary>
private const int ERROR_REPARSE_ATTRIBUTE_CONFLICT = 4391;
/// <summary>
/// The data present in the reparse point buffer is invalid.
/// </summary>
private const int ERROR_INVALID_REPARSE_DATA = 4392;
/// <summary>
/// The tag present in the reparse point buffer is invalid.
/// </summary>
private const int ERROR_REPARSE_TAG_INVALID = 4393;
/// <summary>
/// There is a mismatch between the tag specified in the request and the tag present in the reparse point.
/// </summary>
private const int ERROR_REPARSE_TAG_MISMATCH = 4394;
/// <summary>
/// Command to set the reparse point data block.
/// </summary>
private const int FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT = 0x000900A4;
/// <summary>
/// Command to get the reparse point data block.
/// </summary>
private const int FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT = 0x000900A8;
/// <summary>
/// Command to delete the reparse point data base.
/// </summary>
private const int FSCTL_DELETE_REPARSE_POINT = 0x000900AC;
/// <summary>
/// Reparse point tag used to identify mount points and junction points.
/// </summary>
private const uint IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT = 0xA0000003;
/// <summary>
/// This prefix indicates to NTFS that the path is to be treated as a non-interpreted
/// path in the virtual file system.
/// </summary>
private const string NonInterpretedPathPrefix = @"\??\";
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern bool DeviceIoControl(IntPtr hDevice, uint dwIoControlCode,
IntPtr InBuffer, int nInBufferSize,
IntPtr OutBuffer, int nOutBufferSize,
out int pBytesReturned, IntPtr lpOverlapped);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
string lpFileName,
EFileAccess dwDesiredAccess,
EFileShare dwShareMode,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes,
ECreationDisposition dwCreationDisposition,
EFileAttributes dwFlagsAndAttributes,
IntPtr hTemplateFile);
/// <summary>
/// Creates a junction point from the specified directory to the specified target directory.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Only works on NTFS.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="junctionPoint">The junction point path</param>
/// <param name="targetDir">The target directory</param>
/// <param name="overwrite">If true overwrites an existing reparse point or empty directory</param>
/// <exception cref="IOException">
/// Thrown when the junction point could not be created or when
/// an existing directory was found and <paramref name="overwrite" /> if false
/// </exception>
public static void Create(string junctionPoint, string targetDir, bool overwrite)
{
targetDir = Path.GetFullPath(targetDir);
if (!Directory.Exists(targetDir))
throw new IOException("Target path does not exist or is not a directory.");
if (Directory.Exists(junctionPoint))
{
if (!overwrite)
throw new IOException("Directory already exists and overwrite parameter is false.");
}
else
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(junctionPoint);
}
using (var handle = OpenReparsePoint(junctionPoint, EFileAccess.GenericWrite))
{
var targetDirBytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(NonInterpretedPathPrefix + Path.GetFullPath(targetDir));
var reparseDataBuffer =
new REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER
{
ReparseTag = IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT,
ReparseDataLength = (ushort)(targetDirBytes.Length + 12),
SubstituteNameOffset = 0,
SubstituteNameLength = (ushort)targetDirBytes.Length,
PrintNameOffset = (ushort)(targetDirBytes.Length + 2),
PrintNameLength = 0,
PathBuffer = new byte[0x3ff0]
};
Array.Copy(targetDirBytes, reparseDataBuffer.PathBuffer, targetDirBytes.Length);
var inBufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(reparseDataBuffer);
var inBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(inBufferSize);
try
{
Marshal.StructureToPtr(reparseDataBuffer, inBuffer, false);
int bytesReturned;
var result = DeviceIoControl(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT,
inBuffer, targetDirBytes.Length + 20, IntPtr.Zero, 0, out bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);
if (!result)
ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to create junction point.");
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(inBuffer);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Deletes a junction point at the specified source directory along with the directory itself.
/// Does nothing if the junction point does not exist.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Only works on NTFS.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="junctionPoint">The junction point path</param>
public static void Delete(string junctionPoint)
{
if (!Directory.Exists(junctionPoint))
{
if (File.Exists(junctionPoint))
throw new IOException("Path is not a junction point.");
return;
}
using (var handle = OpenReparsePoint(junctionPoint, EFileAccess.GenericWrite))
{
var reparseDataBuffer = new REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER
{
ReparseTag = IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT,
ReparseDataLength = 0,
PathBuffer = new byte[0x3ff0]
};
var inBufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(reparseDataBuffer);
var inBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(inBufferSize);
try
{
Marshal.StructureToPtr(reparseDataBuffer, inBuffer, false);
int bytesReturned;
var result = DeviceIoControl(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), FSCTL_DELETE_REPARSE_POINT,
inBuffer, 8, IntPtr.Zero, 0, out bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);
if (!result)
ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to delete junction point.");
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(inBuffer);
}
try
{
Directory.Delete(junctionPoint);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
throw new IOException("Unable to delete junction point.", ex);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines whether the specified path exists and refers to a junction point.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">The junction point path</param>
/// <returns>True if the specified path represents a junction point</returns>
/// <exception cref="IOException">
/// Thrown if the specified path is invalid
/// or some other error occurs
/// </exception>
public static bool Exists(string path)
{
if (!Directory.Exists(path))
return false;
using (var handle = OpenReparsePoint(path, EFileAccess.GenericRead))
{
var target = InternalGetTarget(handle);
return target != null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the target of the specified junction point.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Only works on NTFS.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="junctionPoint">The junction point path</param>
/// <returns>The target of the junction point</returns>
/// <exception cref="IOException">
/// Thrown when the specified path does not
/// exist, is invalid, is not a junction point, or some other error occurs
/// </exception>
public static string GetTarget(string junctionPoint)
{
using (var handle = OpenReparsePoint(junctionPoint, EFileAccess.GenericRead))
{
var target = InternalGetTarget(handle);
if (target == null)
throw new IOException("Path is not a junction point.");
return target;
}
}
private static string InternalGetTarget(SafeFileHandle handle)
{
var outBufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));
var outBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(outBufferSize);
try
{
int bytesReturned;
var result = DeviceIoControl(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT,
IntPtr.Zero, 0, outBuffer, outBufferSize, out bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);
if (!result)
{
var error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (error == ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT)
return null;
ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to get information about junction point.");
}
var reparseDataBuffer = (REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER)
Marshal.PtrToStructure(outBuffer, typeof(REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));
if (reparseDataBuffer.ReparseTag != IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT)
return null;
var targetDir = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(reparseDataBuffer.PathBuffer,
reparseDataBuffer.SubstituteNameOffset, reparseDataBuffer.SubstituteNameLength);
if (targetDir.StartsWith(NonInterpretedPathPrefix))
targetDir = targetDir.Substring(NonInterpretedPathPrefix.Length);
return targetDir;
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(outBuffer);
}
}
private static SafeFileHandle OpenReparsePoint(string reparsePoint, EFileAccess accessMode)
{
var reparsePointHandle = new SafeFileHandle(CreateFile(reparsePoint, accessMode,
EFileShare.Read | EFileShare.Write | EFileShare.Delete,
IntPtr.Zero, ECreationDisposition.OpenExisting,
EFileAttributes.BackupSemantics | EFileAttributes.OpenReparsePoint, IntPtr.Zero), true);
if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0)
ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to open reparse point.");
return reparsePointHandle;
}
private static void ThrowLastWin32Error(string message)
{
throw new IOException(message, Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(Marshal.GetHRForLastWin32Error()));
}
[Flags]
private enum EFileAccess : uint
{
GenericRead = 0x80000000,
GenericWrite = 0x40000000,
GenericExecute = 0x20000000,
GenericAll = 0x10000000
}
[Flags]
private enum EFileShare : uint
{
None = 0x00000000,
Read = 0x00000001,
Write = 0x00000002,
Delete = 0x00000004
}
private enum ECreationDisposition : uint
{
New = 1,
CreateAlways = 2,
OpenExisting = 3,
OpenAlways = 4,
TruncateExisting = 5
}
[Flags]
private enum EFileAttributes : uint
{
Readonly = 0x00000001,
Hidden = 0x00000002,
System = 0x00000004,
Directory = 0x00000010,
Archive = 0x00000020,
Device = 0x00000040,
Normal = 0x00000080,
Temporary = 0x00000100,
SparseFile = 0x00000200,
ReparsePoint = 0x00000400,
Compressed = 0x00000800,
Offline = 0x00001000,
NotContentIndexed = 0x00002000,
Encrypted = 0x00004000,
Write_Through = 0x80000000,
Overlapped = 0x40000000,
NoBuffering = 0x20000000,
RandomAccess = 0x10000000,
SequentialScan = 0x08000000,
DeleteOnClose = 0x04000000,
BackupSemantics = 0x02000000,
PosixSemantics = 0x01000000,
OpenReparsePoint = 0x00200000,
OpenNoRecall = 0x00100000,
FirstPipeInstance = 0x00080000
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER
{
/// <summary>
/// Reparse point tag. Must be a Microsoft reparse point tag.
/// </summary>
public uint ReparseTag;
/// <summary>
/// Size, in bytes, of the data after the Reserved member. This can be calculated by:
/// (4 * sizeof(ushort)) + SubstituteNameLength + PrintNameLength +
/// (namesAreNullTerminated ? 2 * sizeof(char) : 0);
/// </summary>
public ushort ReparseDataLength;
/// <summary>
/// Reserved; do not use.
/// </summary>
public ushort Reserved;
/// <summary>
/// Offset, in bytes, of the substitute name string in the PathBuffer array.
/// </summary>
public ushort SubstituteNameOffset;
/// <summary>
/// Length, in bytes, of the substitute name string. If this string is null-terminated,
/// SubstituteNameLength does not include space for the null character.
/// </summary>
public ushort SubstituteNameLength;
/// <summary>
/// Offset, in bytes, of the print name string in the PathBuffer array.
/// </summary>
public ushort PrintNameOffset;
/// <summary>
/// Length, in bytes, of the print name string. If this string is null-terminated,
/// PrintNameLength does not include space for the null character.
/// </summary>
public ushort PrintNameLength;
/// <summary>
/// A buffer containing the unicode-encoded path string. The path string contains
/// the substitute name string and print name string.
/// </summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x3FF0)]
public byte[] PathBuffer;
}
}
}
用法：
using CreateMaps;
...
JunctionPoint.Create(@"C:\Temp\HardlinkFolderToCreate", @"C:\Temp\ExistingFolder", false);
答案 4 :(得分：-2)
Process.Start("mklink /H", String.Format("{0} {1}", link, target));
答案 5 :(得分：-3)
看看这个项目：Hardlink class