如何使指针可以清洗?

时间:2015-11-21 19:19:28

标签: rust

在Rust中,我希望将枚举视为相等,但仍然能够通过指针区分不同的实例。这是一个玩具示例:

use self::Piece::*;
use std::collections::HashMap;

#[derive(Eq, PartialEq)]
enum Piece {
    Rook,
    Knight,
}

fn main() {
    let mut positions: HashMap<&Piece, (u8, u8)> = HashMap::new();
    let left_rook = Rook;
    let right_rook = Rook;

    positions.insert(&left_rook, (0, 0));
    positions.insert(&right_rook, (0, 7));
}

但是,编译器要我在Hash上定义Piece

error[E0277]: the trait bound `Piece: std::hash::Hash` is not satisfied
  --> src/main.rs:11:52
   |
11 |     let mut positions: HashMap<&Piece, (u8, u8)> = HashMap::new();
   |                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^ the trait `std::hash::Hash` is not implemented for `Piece`
   |
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `std::hash::Hash` for `&Piece`
   = note: required by `<std::collections::HashMap<K, V>>::new`

error[E0599]: no method named `insert` found for type `std::collections::HashMap<&Piece, (u8, u8)>` in the current scope
  --> src/main.rs:15:15
   |
15 |     positions.insert(&left_rook, (0, 0));
   |               ^^^^^^
   |
   = note: the method `insert` exists but the following trait bounds were not satisfied:
           `&Piece : std::hash::Hash`

error[E0599]: no method named `insert` found for type `std::collections::HashMap<&Piece, (u8, u8)>` in the current scope
  --> src/main.rs:16:15
   |
16 |     positions.insert(&right_rook, (0, 7));
   |               ^^^^^^
   |
   = note: the method `insert` exists but the following trait bounds were not satisfied:
           `&Piece : std::hash::Hash`

我希望在我的枚举上定义相等,以便一个Rook等于另一个Rook。但是,我希望能够区分positions哈希映射中的不同Hash个实例。

我该怎么做?我不想在Piece上定义{{1}},但肯定已经在指针上定义了哈希?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

原始指针*const T*mut T)和引用&T,{{之间存在差异在Rust中1}})你有一个参考。

&mut T is defined作为委托给引用项的哈希的引用:

Hash

但是,你想要的是defined for raw pointers

impl<T: ?Sized + Hash> Hash for &T {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        (**self).hash(state);
    }
}

这有效:

impl<T: ?Sized> Hash for *const T {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        if mem::size_of::<Self>() == mem::size_of::<usize>() {
            // Thin pointer
            state.write_usize(*self as *const () as usize);
        } else {
            // Fat pointer
            let (a, b) = unsafe {
                *(self as *const Self as *const (usize, usize))
            };
            state.write_usize(a);
            state.write_usize(b);
        }
    }
}

但是,在这里使用引用或原始指针充其量只是最好的。

如果使用引用,一旦移动了已插入的值,编译器将阻止您使用hashmap,因为引用将不再有效。

如果您使用原始指针,编译器不会阻止您,但是您将有悬空指针,这可能导致内存不安全。

在您的情况下,我认为我会尝试重新构建代码,以便在内存地址之外的某个部分是唯一的。也许只是一些递增的数字:

let mut positions = HashMap::new();
positions.insert(&left_rook as *const Piece, (0, 0));
positions.insert(&right_rook as *const Piece, (0, 7));

如果这似乎不可能,你可以随时positions.insert((left_rook, 0), (0, 0)); positions.insert((right_rook, 1), (0, 7)); 给它一个稳定的内存地址。后一种解决方案更类似于Java这样的语言,默认情况下所有内容都是堆分配的。

作为Francis Gagné says

  

我宁愿将Box包装在另一个与&'a T具有相同身份语义的结构中,而不是将其删除。

您可以创建一个处理引用相等性的结构

*const T

然后使用:

#[derive(Debug, Eq)]
struct RefEquality<'a, T>(&'a T);

impl<'a, T> std::hash::Hash for RefEquality<'a, T> {
    fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
    where
        H: std::hash::Hasher,
    {
        (self.0 as *const T).hash(state)
    }
}

impl<'a, 'b, T> PartialEq<RefEquality<'b, T>> for RefEquality<'a, T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &RefEquality<'b, T>) -> bool {
        self.0 as *const T == other.0 as *const T
    }
}