function template:默认第一个模板参数为second

时间:2015-11-19 20:50:09

标签: c++ templates c++11 types c++14

如果没有指定第一个模板参数,可以将函数模板的第一个模板参数默认为第二个吗?

这是一个小例子:

#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
#include <vector>

template <typename ContainerOut, typename ContainerIn>
ContainerOut KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs)
{
    ContainerOut result;
    auto itOut = std::inserter(result, std::end(result));
    auto isNegative = [](auto x){ return x < 0; };
    std::copy_if(std::begin(xs), std::end(xs), itOut, isNegative);
    return result;
}

int main()
{
    typedef std::vector<int> IntVector;
    typedef std::list<int> IntList;

    IntVector intVector = { 1, -2, -3, 4 };
    IntList intList = { 1, -2, -3, 4 };

    auto intVec2 = KeepNegatives<IntVector>(intList);
    auto intList2 = KeepNegatives<IntList>(intVector);
    auto intVec3 = KeepNegatives<IntVector>(intVector);
}

这有效,但我想要的是,KeepNegatives(即ContainerOut)的返回值类型与输入值的类型相同(即ContainerIn )如果未指定ContainerOut。以便编译以下代码行(现在为does not)并返回IntVector

    auto intVec4 = KeepNegatives(intVector);

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

你可以简单地为这种特殊情况添加一个重载:

template <typename ContainerIn>
ContainerIn KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs)
{
    return KeepNegatives<ContainerIn, ContainerIn>(xs);
}

然而,这可能会导致intVec3案件含糊不清。这是一种解决方法:

#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
#include <vector>

template <typename ContainerOut, typename ContainerIn, 
          typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<ContainerOut, ContainerIn>::value>>
ContainerOut KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs)
{
    ContainerOut result;
    auto itOut = std::inserter(result, std::end(result));
    auto isNegative = [](auto x){ return x < 0; };
    std::copy_if(std::begin(xs), std::end(xs), itOut, isNegative);
    return result;
}

template <typename ContainerIn>
ContainerIn KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs)
{
    return KeepNegatives<ContainerIn, ContainerIn, void>(xs);
}


int main()
{
    typedef std::vector<int> IntVector;
    typedef std::list<int> IntList;

    IntVector intVector = { 1, -2, -3, 4 };
    IntList intList = { 1, -2, -3, 4 };

    auto intVec2 = KeepNegatives<IntVector>(intList);
    auto intList2 = KeepNegatives<IntList>(intVector);
    auto intVec3 = KeepNegatives<IntVector>(intVector);
    auto intVec4 = KeepNegatives(intVector);
}

Live

答案 1 :(得分:3)

更好的方法,例如std::experimental::make_array,是不直接使用ContainerOut作为返回类型;这允许您指定标记类型作为默认值(void是一个简单的选择),然后计算返回类型。

template <typename ContainerOut = void, typename ContainerIn,
          typename ret_t = std::conditional_t<std::is_void<ContainerOut>{},
                                              ContainerIn, ContainerOut>>
ret_t KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs){
      // ...
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

您可以将SFINAE与过载相结合,如下所示:

template <typename ContainerOut, typename ContainerIn>
std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<ContainerOut, ContainerIn>::value, ContainerOut>
KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs) {
    ContainerOut result;
    auto itOut = std::inserter(result, std::end(result));
    auto isNegative = [](auto x) { return x < 0; };
    std::copy_if(std::begin(xs), std::end(xs), itOut, isNegative);
    return result;
}

template <typename ContainerIn>
ContainerIn
KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs) {
    ContainerIn result;
    auto itOut = std::inserter(result, std::end(result));
    auto isNegative = [](auto x) { return x < 0; };
    std::copy_if(std::begin(xs), std::end(xs), itOut, isNegative);
    return result;
}

main

    auto intVec2 = KeepNegatives<IntVector>(intList);
    auto intList2 = KeepNegatives<IntList>(intVector);
    auto intVec3 = KeepNegatives(intVector);

LIVE DEMO

提供一个简单的重载:

template <typename ContainerIn>
ContainerIn KeepNegatives(const ContainerIn& xs) {...}

如果用户明确提供相同的模板参数,则会对重载函数进行模糊调用:

auto intVec3 = KeepNegatives<IntVector>(intVector);