我创建了与显示here的内容类似的功能,并且遇到了__add元方法的问题。我希望能够在类的两个实例上使用__add元方法,但它似乎唯一可行的方法是将metamethods添加到实例的元表中。有没有办法让我可以设置它,以便我的类或其元表可以使用__add元方法并在将实例一起添加时起作用?
function Class(superClass, constructor)
local class = {};
local metatable = {};
if superClass then
metatable.__index = superClass;
end
setmetatable(class, metatable);
function metatable:__call(...)
local instance = {};
setmetatable(instance, { __index = class });
if class.constructor then
class.constructor(instance, ...);
end
return instance;
end
class.constructor = constructor;
return class;
end
以下是我想要做的一个例子:
A = Class(nil, function(self, num)
self.num = num;
end);
function A:__add(rhs)
return A(self.num + rhs.num);
end
a = A(1);
b = A(2);
c = a + b;
答案 0 :(得分:1)
感谢上校Thirty Two和Etan Reisner的帮助,我提出了以下解决方案:
function metatable.__call(self, ...)
local instance = {};
setmetatable(instance, self);
if class.constructor then
class.constructor(instance, ...);
end
return instance;
end
我更改了函数,使其不再隐藏自变量,并将其用作实例的元表。现在添加按预期工作。然而,它在其他地方引起了问题。
我尝试了一些我在其他地方找到的东西并提出了这个有效的解决方案:
function Class(superClass, constructor)
local class = {};
if superClass then
for k,v in pairs(superClass)
do
class[k] = v;
end
class._superClass = superClass;
end
class.__index = class;
local metatable = {};
function metatable:__call(...)
local instance = {};
setmetatable(instance, class);
if class.constructor then
class.constructor(instance, ...);
end
return instance;
end
class.constructor = constructor;
setmetatable(class, metatable);
return class;
end
答案 1 :(得分:0)
以防它有用,这就是我通常创建类的方法(也很容易支持继承):
function Vector(x, y)
local self = {}
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.magnitude = math.sqrt(x*x + y*y)
function self.unit()
return Vector(x/self.magnitude, y/self.magnitude)
end
function self.printComponents()
print("[" .. self.x .. ", " .. self.y .. "]")
end
--if you want to implement metamethods...
setmetatable(self, {
__add = function(_, other)
return Vector(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)
end
})
return self
end
-- now, let's make a ComplexNumber class that inherits from Vector
function ComplexNumber(a, b)
-- define self as an instance of Vector
local self = Vector(a, b)
-- override Vector.printComponents()
function self.printComponents()
print(self.x .. " + " .. self.y .. "i")
end
return self
end
--examples
local v = Vector(10, 20)
v.printComponents() --> [10, 20]
local c = ComplexNumber(10, 5)
c.printComponents() --> 10 + 5i