安装virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
我正在尝试按照本教程https://realpython.com/blog/python/flask-by-example-part-1-project-setup/
创建一个样本瓶应用但是，由于我在10.11.1上运行的这台新Mac上设置了Python和相关技术，因此我遇到了一些问题。
我被困在我输入此命令的命令中
$ mkvirtualenv --python = / usr / local / bin / python3 wordcounts
我后来意识到我没有python 3.但我仍然有
的错误-bash: mkvirtualenv: command not found
所以我发现这个教程有助于安装virtualenv Install virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper on Mac OS X，它说要运行这个
pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
但后来我遇到了pip的问题
我以为我在Can't install virtualenvwrapper on OSX 10.11 El Capitan
找到了现有答案答案是
sudo pip install pbr
sudo pip install --no-deps stevedore
sudo pip install --no-deps virtualenvwrapper
但是，在接受的答案的评论中提到的另一个用户，即它没有使用 10.11.1
Captains-MacBook-Pro:flask-by-example mac$ sudo pip install pbr
Password:
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pbr in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Captains-MacBook-Pro:flask-by-example mac$ sudo pip install --no-deps stevedore
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting stevedore
Downloading stevedore-1.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: stevedore
Successfully installed stevedore-1.9.0
Captains-MacBook-Pro:flask-by-example mac$ sudo pip install --no-deps virtualenvwrapper
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting virtualenvwrapper
Downloading virtualenvwrapper-4.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: virtualenvwrapper
Successfully installed virtualenvwrapper-4.7.1
Captains-MacBook-Pro:flask-by-example mac$ sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/mac/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): virtualenv in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): virtualenvwrapper in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): virtualenv-clone in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from virtualenvwrapper)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): stevedore in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from virtualenvwrapper)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pbr>=1.6 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): argparse in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
Collecting six>=1.9.0 (from stevedore->virtualenvwrapper)
Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: six
Found existing installation: six 1.4.1
DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
Uninstalling six-1.4.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 211, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 311, in run
root=options.root_path,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 640, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 716, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 125, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-7.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 315, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
copy2(src, real_dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
copystat(src, dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-tK4FXO-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'
Captains-MacBook-Pro:flask-by-example mac$
答案 0 :(得分：7)
您不应该使用系统版本的Python。
OS X附带的Python版本非常适合学习，但它对开发不利。
根据Apple's docs：
鼓励使用Perl，Python，Ruby或OS X附带的任何其他脚本语言的开发人员管理他们自己的语言和依赖项安装......
因此，我建议按照Python's OS X installation docs中的建议和描述使用自制软件安装Python 2和/或Python 3。
请注意，这些说明提供了安装Python 2的命令。要安装Python 3，您可以运行：
brew install python3 # instead of 'brew install python'
这些Python安装文档还链接到installing virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper的详细说明。
<强>更新
看起来您安装了virtualenvwrapper，但配置不正确。当我安装它时，我根据installation docs for virtualenvwrapper运行以下代码来配置：
# Create a directory to hold the virtual environments.
mkdir $HOME/.virtualenvs
echo "
# Python's virtualenvwrapper-RELATED
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile