如何匹配Scala中函数的类型参数

时间:2015-11-11 04:29:09

标签: scala pattern-matching

我想做这样的事情:

implicit class MyString(s: String) {
  def getAs[T]: T = {
    T match {
      case q if q == classOf[Int] => s.toInt
      case q if q == classOf[Boolean] => s.toBoolean
    }
  }
}

当然,这不会编译。我怎么写这个呢?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

考虑这种方法:

object Parse {
  def parse[T](f:String => Option[T]) = f
  implicit val parseInt = parse(s => Try(s.toInt).toOption)
  implicit val parseLong = parse(s => Try(s.toLong).toOption)
  implicit val parseDouble = parse(s => Try(s.toDouble).toOption)
  implicit val parseBoolean = parse(s => Try(s.toBoolean).toOption)
}

implicit class MyString(s:String) {
  def getAs[T]()(implicit run: String => Option[T]): Option[T] = run(s)
}

用法:

def main(args: Array[String]) {
  import Parse._
  "true".getAs[Boolean].foreach(println)
  "12345".getAs[Int].foreach(println)
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

当使用 classOf 进行类型匹配时,可能会遇到一些问题,例如:

scala> classOf[List[Int]] == classOf[List[String]]
res17: Boolean = true
scala> typeOf[List[Int]] =:= typeOf[List[String]]
res18: Boolean = false

classOf仅存储不使用泛型类型

的类信息

typeOf将存储完整类型信息

TypeTags and Manifests

class MyString(s: String) {
  def getAs[T](implicit tag: TypeTag[T]): T = {
    tag.tpe match {
      case t if t =:= typeOf[Int] => s.toInt.asInstanceOf[T]
    }
  }
}
scala> new MyString("123")
res2: MyString = MyString@7fca02

scala> res6.getAs[Int]
res3: Int = 123

使用TypeType标记获取类型信息,并使用类型信息调用getAs

答案 2 :(得分:1)

这是我到目前为止所提出的:

import reflect.runtime.universe.TypeTag
import scala.reflection.runtime.universe._

implicit class MyString(s: String) {
  def getAs[T : TypeTag]: T = {
    typeOf[T] match {
      case t if t =:= typeOf[Int] => s.toInt.asInstanceOf[T]
      case t if t =:= typeOf[Boolean] => s.toBoolean.asInstanceOf[T]
    }
  }
}

在REPL中运行:

scala> "32".getAs[Int]
res25: Int = 32

scala> "32".getAs[Boolean]
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: For input string: "32"
  at scala.collection.immutable.StringLike$class.parseBoolean(StringLike.scala:290)
  at scala.collection.immutable.StringLike$class.toBoolean(StringLike.scala:260)
  at scala.collection.immutable.StringOps.toBoolean(StringOps.scala:30)
  at MyString.getAs(<console>:33)
  ... 43 elided

scala> "false".getAs[Int]
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "false"
  at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
  at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580)
  at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:615)
  at scala.collection.immutable.StringLike$class.toInt(StringLike.scala:272)
  at scala.collection.immutable.StringOps.toInt(StringOps.scala:30)
  at MyString.getAs(<console>:32)
  ... 43 elided

scala> "false".getAs[Boolean]
res28: Boolean = false

scala> "false".getAs[String]
scala.MatchError: String (of class scala.reflect.internal.Types$AliasNoArgsTypeRef)
  at MyString.getAs(<console>:31)
  ... 43 elided

我认为更好的方法是返回option[T],并捕获任何未满足的问题,例如类型T,或尝试失败的演员表。我开始使用scala的Try(以及它的.toOption方法),但是遇到了一些奇怪的错误,所以还没有进一步说明。

编辑:只需使用简单的try-catch,我们就可以获得:

implicit class MyString(s: String) {
  def getAs[T : TypeTag]: Option[T] = try {
    typeOf[T] match {
      case t if t =:= typeOf[Int] => Some(s.toInt.asInstanceOf[T])
      case t if t =:= typeOf[Boolean] => Some(s.toBoolean.asInstanceOf[T])
    }
  } catch {
    case ex: Exception => None
  }
}

导致:

scala> "false".getAs[String]
res30: Option[String] = None

scala> "32".getAs[Boolean]
res31: Option[Boolean] = None

scala> "32".getAs[Int]
res32: Option[Int] = Some(32)

scala> "true".getAs[Boolean]
res33: Option[Boolean] = Some(true)

scala> "true".getAs[Int]
res34: Option[Int] = None

答案 3 :(得分:0)

基于@chengpohi和@Shadowlands给出的答案,这就是我想出来的。

object ImplicitsStartingWithS {
  implicit class MyString(s: String) {
    val str = s.trim
    import reflect.runtime.universe.TypeTag
    import scala.reflect.runtime.universe._

    def getAs[T](implicit tag: TypeTag[T]): Option[T] = {
      val value = tag.tpe match {
        case t if t =:= typeOf[Int] => str.toIntStr.map(_.toInt)
        case t if t =:= typeOf[Long] => str.toIntStr.map(_.toLong)
        case t if t =:= typeOf[Float] => str.toNumericStr.map(_.toFloat)
        case t if t =:= typeOf[Double] => str.toNumericStr.map(_.toDouble)
        case _ => None
      }
      value.asInstanceOf[Option[T]]
    }

    def toDecimalStr = "^-*\\d+\\.\\d+$".r.findFirstIn(s)
    def toIntStr = "^-*\\d+$".r.findFirstIn(s)
    def toNumericStr = {
      s.toDecimalStr match {
        case Some(decimalStr) => Some(decimalStr)
        case None => s.toIntStr
      }
    }
  }
}

这可以避免异常处理以加快响应速度。