我试图用玩具程序在linux平台上产生clang内存清理程序错误。我无法用我认为正确的平台/编译/执行产生任何错误。
平台的简单描述：
问题是简单的测试程序不报告错误。这是测试程序：
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
auto s = std::string("asdf");
if (s[5] == 'z')
std::cout << "asdf\n";
else
std::cout << "qwer\n";
return 0;
}
其中，读取未初始化的内存。这就是它的编译方式：
user@29a0fe911f05:/tmp$ clang++ -v -Wl,-rpath=/tmp/libcxx_msan/lib/ -I /tmp/libcxx_msan/include/ -I /tmp/libcxx_msan/include/c++/v1 -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -fsanitize=memory test.cc
Debian clang version 3.5.0-10 (tags/RELEASE_350/final) (based on LLVM 3.5.0)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8.4
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9.2
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8.4
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9.2
Selected GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9
Candidate multilib: .;@m64
Selected multilib: .;@m64
"/usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-pc-linux-gnu -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -main-file-name test.cc -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -pie-level 2 -mdisable-fp-elim -fmath-errno -masm-verbose -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -fuse-init-array -target-cpu x86-64 -target-linker-version 2.25 -v -dwarf-column-info -resource-dir /usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0 -I /tmp/libcxx_msan/include/ -I /tmp/libcxx_msan/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem /usr/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem /usr/include/clang/3.5.0/include/ -internal-isystem /usr/local/include -internal-isystem /usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -internal-externc-isystem /include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/include -std=c++11 -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir /tmp -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 239 -fsanitize=memory -fno-assume-sane-operator-new -mstackrealign -fobjc-runtime=gcc -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o /tmp/test-548974.o -x c++ test.cc
clang -cc1 version 3.5.0 based upon LLVM 3.5.0 default target x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
ignoring nonexistent directory "/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/include/clang/3.5.0/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/tmp/libcxx_msan/include
/tmp/libcxx_msan/include/c++/v1
/usr/include/c++/v1
/usr/include/clang/3.5.0/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/include
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
"/usr/bin/ld" -whole-archive /usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/lib/linux/libclang_rt.msan-x86_64.a -no-whole-archive -pie --hash-style=both --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o a.out /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9 -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../.. -L/usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib -L/lib -L/usr/lib -rpath=/tmp/libcxx_msan/lib/ /tmp/test-548974.o -lpthread -lrt -lm -ldl -export-dynamic -lc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/crtendS.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
该程序使用libc ++ / libc ++ abi库，使用平台描述中链接的指令编译。
user@29a0fe911f05:/tmp$ ldd a.out
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffeadbb8000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5477040000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f5476e38000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f5476b30000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5476928000)
libc++.so.1 => /tmp/libcxx_msan/lib/libc++.so.1 (0x00007f5476580000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5476368000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5475fb8000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5479950000)
libc++abi.so.1 => /tmp/libcxx_msan/lib/../lib/libc++abi.so.1 (0x00007f5475cc0000)
这是节目的输出：
user@29a0fe911f05:/tmp$ ./a.out
qwer
我可以使用不正确的平台配置生成clang内存清理程序误报错误，我理解这是预期的行为。当程序与未经检测的libc ++ / libc ++ abi链接时，会产生预期的误报。
user@29a0fe911f05:/tmp$ clang++ -v -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -fsanitize=memory test.cc
Debian clang version 3.5.0-10 (tags/RELEASE_350/final) (based on LLVM 3.5.0)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8.4
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9.2
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8.4
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9.2
Selected GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9
Candidate multilib: .;@m64
Selected multilib: .;@m64
"/usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-pc-linux-gnu -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -main-file-name test.cc -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -pie-level 2 -mdisable-fp-elim -fmath-errno -masm-verbose -mconstructor-aliases -munwind-tables -fuse-init-array -target-cpu x86-64 -target-linker-version 2.25 -v -dwarf-column-info -resource-dir /usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0 -internal-isystem /usr/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem /usr/include/clang/3.5.0/include/ -internal-isystem /usr/local/include -internal-isystem /usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -internal-externc-isystem /include -internal-externc-isystem /usr/include -std=c++11 -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir /tmp -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 239 -fsanitize=memory -fno-assume-sane-operator-new -mstackrealign -fobjc-runtime=gcc -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -o /tmp/test-9f8b7c.o -x c++ test.cc
clang -cc1 version 3.5.0 based upon LLVM 3.5.0 default target x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
ignoring nonexistent directory "/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/include/clang/3.5.0/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/v1
/usr/include/clang/3.5.0/include
/usr/local/include
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/include
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
"/usr/bin/ld" -whole-archive /usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/lib/linux/libclang_rt.msan-x86_64.a -no-whole-archive -pie --hash-style=both --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o a.out /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9 -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../.. -L/usr/lib/llvm-3.5/bin/../lib -L/lib -L/usr/lib /tmp/test-9f8b7c.o -lpthread -lrt -lm -ldl -export-dynamic -lc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/crtendS.o /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
user@29a0fe911f05:/tmp$ ldd a.out
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc09be0000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f3e6c730000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f3e6c528000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f3e6c220000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f3e6c018000)
libc++.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc++.so.1 (0x00007f3e6bd10000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f3e6baf8000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f3e6b748000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f3e6f048000)
user@29a0fe911f05:/tmp$ ./a.out
==3014== WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value
#0 0x7fcb58194a89 in main (/tmp/a.out+0x94a89)
#1 0x7fcb56cf1b44 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-I9DIZl/glibc-2.19/csu/libc-start.c:287
#2 0x7fcb5819427c in _start (/tmp/a.out+0x9427c)
SUMMARY: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value ??:0 main
Exiting
答案 0 :(得分：1)
简短回答：string是一个特例。
更长的答案：一般来说，std::string与三个指针的大小相同。一个指向字符串的开头，一个指向结尾，第三个指向已分配空间的结尾。 （开始，结束和容量）。在libc ++中，std::string的实现使用＆＃34;短字符串优化＆＃34;，其中如果字符串的内容很短，那么数据存储在指针的24字节（对于x86_64）中将采取。这消除了许多字符串的堆分配。
我的理解是内存消毒剂对std::string并不了解这一点，因此看起来这些字节已被写入 - 即使它们超过字符串的末尾＆＃39;数据。
如果将测试字符串更改为"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"（然后尝试访问元素37）会发生什么？
P.S。洗手液团队最近给我发了一个补丁，为libc ++的string实施添加了ASAN支持。我也会问MSAN。